PE CH5

• Participation in sport is influenced by several factors

  Age, gender, ethnicity, disability, relgion , economic status, family and friends, provision
• What is stereotyping and what can it cause?

  A fixed, oversimplififed image of charactersitics - can cause a lack of engagement by affecting oppurtunity, self-confidence and self-esteem
• Factors

  Some of the factors are under our countrol such as getting fitter by training. However, we cannot control our age and ethnicity
• Factors affecting participation - Age

  Particaption rates in school are high due to PE, community club provision and friendship networks - participation levels drop off around exam season

  In working years, participation drops of due to time pressures of work and family life

  Then in retirement, when we have time our bodies hinder our participation - such as joint pain
• Factors affecting participation - Gender

  Fewer women participate in sport then men

  Lack of female participation may be due to:

  Limited choice of oppurtunites

  Stereotyping

  More coverage of elite male sport

  Body image issues
• Factors affecting participation - Ethnicity


  There is a significant lack of minority ethnic communites - one of the main reasons being the lack of minority ethnic community leading, organising and coaching, especially at a high level
• Factors affecting participation - disability

  Participation in sport by disabled people is significantly lower tham non-disabled people, for all age groups

  This may be due to:

  Physical - lack of appropriate equipment

  Psychological - Low confidence, stereotypes

  Limited oppurtunites - insufficient specialist activites and coaching
• Factors affecting participation - economic issues

  A persons wealth impacts education, occupation and life oppurtunities - the is reffered to a socio- economic - the interaction between social and economic factors

  With high fees and expensive equipment, certain sports only attract participants from wealthy backgrounds - e.g horse riding
• Physical education and school sport

  The development of physical literacy - having the skill, confidence, desire, understanding and oppurtunity to participatein physical activity - means young people gain more expierences and become more physically literate

  PE helps children to grow physically, mentally and socially and also develop the habitats of a healthy lifestyle - with a high drop-out rate (especially for girls) it is important PE is engaging, positive and supportive
• Community and sport

  Participation can only happen if theres provision

  Public provision - available to all and usuallym with some form of goverment financial support -- community facalities, avalitablity to everyone at low cost

  Private provision - Exclusive and usually more expensive but with potentially better facilities
• Stratergies to improve participation

  Various organisations run campaigns to promote their sports - for example - for the goverement, higher levels of physical exercuse means a reduction in the financial weight and staff peformance pressyres on the NHS
• Increasing female participation


  Kick it out - based on a series of powerful and inspiring images of, and slogans by, real woman and girls with different reasons for, and ways of, taking part in sport

  The campaign has seen 1.6 million woman start exercising
• Paralympic games


  Have changed many peoples perceptions of disabled people and disabled sport

  Have had a significant impact upon participation rates in sport by disabled people
• Paralympic games


  • Affects largely due to the wide, high-profile media coverage

  Helps to promote positive role models
• Eagerness of disabled people

  Wanting to take up sport
• Push for access in terms of sport


  Adaptation

  Facilities

  Equipment

  Provision
• Lots of funding has gone into disability sport
• Promoting inclusivity and fair play


  Kick it out - works throughout the football, education and community sectors to challenege discrimination and encourge inclusive practices- it is a vision that football will be a sport where people flourish in a supportive community
• All equality and inclusion programmes aim to


  - promote the benefits of equality, inclusion and diversity

  - expose and challenge all aspects of discrimination and unfair practices

  For governing bodies involved : puts the sport in a positive light, also increased participation means an increae in popularity that generates more funding and attraction of sponsorship
• Sports promotional campaigns encourage


  Provision - Participation - Popularity - Coverage - Funding - Provision ...
• Goverment policies


  Health and well- being are high on the uk goverments agenda

  Engagement by the population in physical activity will improve the health of the nation - reduce stress for the NHS

  Will increase income by reducing number of sick days

  Goverment wants to promote reformative and inclusive policies such asanti - racism campaigns

  PE in schools is compulsary - offering children unique experiences and chances to develop physically, mentaly and socialy + encourages physical literacy
• Spectatorism


  The act of watching sport for pleasure

  In modern times, the ability of sport to reach wideraudiencesthrough the use oftechnology has allowedsport to grow globally, generating interest from themedia giants andhigh profilesponsors around theworld.
• Commodity 


  Something or someone that can be bought and sold, such as football players who are bough by one club from another
• Commercialisation


  Seeing sport as a commodity that can be bought and sold
• Most sports can be seen in the commercial sectors as potentially ways of making money
• Spending on exercise and the number of sporting spectators have increased


  The business world and media have identified this and exploited potential markets
• Exploited potential markets


  • Sale of equipment
  • Clothing
  • Gadgets
  • Charging spectators to watch and engage in sport from their homes
• The influence of the media


  Has led to a dramatic rise in the commercialisation of sport
• Commercialisation of sport


  • Increases the number of spectators
  • Has led to growing interest from investors and spectators
  • Billboards and advertising are no longer seen by the local but around the whole world
• Sponsorship


  An individual, club or event will gain some form of payment from sponsorship in the form of money, equipment, clothing - but the sporting connection to the sponsors prodcuts is seen as an endorsement and is a form of advertising
• The success of a sport as a commercial product involes three main partners:


  - sport

  - sponsor

  - media
• Negatives of sponsorship


  If a team or individual is performing badly then that often reflects poorly on the sponsor

  Similarly if there are negative aspects to a individual, team or sport such as cheating, violence or bad results these will often paint the sponsor in a bad light and can reduce sales or even result in boycotts of products.
• Positives of sponsorship


  High amount of money they put into the game​ - Provide products such as equipment, clothing or footwear. Many individuals will often be sponsored to wear particular boots or trainers for example Nike sponsors footballers Kevin De Bruyne, Marcus Rashford​
• Sponsorship - Benefits to the sport​


  Individual: equipment, clothing, products provided ‘free’; bonuses​

  Team: collective promotion – better facilities, equipment, technology, coaching​

  Sports promotion – greater participation and provision of coaches, facilities and elite performance​

  Enjoyment of events, branding, publicity, hospitality​
• Sponsorship - benefits to the sponsor

  Heightened awareness of company; association with/endorsement by successful, popular sportsperson/team; increased marketing opportunities​

  Increased sales​

  Wider market presence; tax relief​
• Potential effects of the media’s influence on the development of sport - Positives

  Improves performance level​

  Generates wealth in sport​

  Improves coaching​

  Brings in more sponsorship​

  Creates positive role models​

  Raises profile of sport ​

  Allow access to top-level sports and sports stars​

  Spectatorism becomes more interactive; viewers more engaged, involved and knowledgeable​
• Potential effects of the media’s influence on the development of sport - negatives


  Increases pressure on performer​

  Increases chances of deviance, such as the use of performance-enhancing drugs​

  Causes sport to become elitist​

  Becomes too expensive to take part in or watch​

  Creates negative role models​

  Makes sport a spectacle rather than a view of sporting performance; minority sports tend to be overlooked​

  Sensationalises sport and performers​

  The media dictates what we watch, and so what is played​
• The golden triangle 


  See next flashcards for more in depth

  
• 1 - golden triangle


  Each component contributes the success of the other

  The increased revenue sports recieve form sponsorship and commercialisation allows them to potentillay improve training , facilities and coaching at elite levels - with fundin also comes further use of technology - which has an impact on peformance, coaching , officals and specctators
• 2 - golden triangle


  The sponsor benefits from increased media presence and links to elite peformance and success. High profile sports and sport stars develop fan bases and attract audiences - audiences are suppourted by the variety of media streams - large audiences allow more marketing oppurtunities and keeps the profile of the sport - increased coverage also allows the sport to grow globally and in turn generate further marketing oppurtunites