important

• Qualitative sampling types

  Nonrandom

  Nonprobability

  Haphazard

  Quota

  Purposive

  Snowball

  Sequential 
• Quantitative Sampling 

  Probability 

  Random

  Cluster

  Stratified

  Systematic
• Sampling Ratio = sample size/population
• Sampling Interval = population/sample size
• Sampling Size = population/sampling interval
• Quasi filter - a question that includes a no opinion or don't know 
• Standard format - there is no I don't know or no opinion 
• Full filter question - first are asked if they are knowledgeable about the topic, and then respond with an opinion
• Mutually exclusive questions - response categories do not overlap and any possible option is presented (e.g., 5-10, 10-20, would be 5-9, 10-19, etc)
• Partially open question - when respondents are given a fixed set of answers to choose from, but there is an other option
• Contingency question - a question with two or more parts in surveys, the answer to the first one determines which will be received next. (Ex:  If answered 1-7 days to above: then..)
• Response set bias - respondents tend to stick to either agree or disagree with every question
• Validity 

  • When the definition of the researcher does not match the one of the survey ( ex definition of injuries)
  • When the data is a proxy for what the researcher is interested in 
  • The researcher does not have control over how the data is collected or does not understand the context
• Reliability - changes in term meanings over time and changes in data collection 
• Qualitative Interview Types -  unstructured, semi-structured, in-depth, ethnographic, open-ended, informal, and long
• Kvale question types:

  • Introducing questions
  • Follow-up questions
  • Probing questions
  • Specifying questions
  • Direct questions
  • Indirect questions
  • Structuring questions
  • Interpreting questions
  • Silence
• Form Relationships

  Independent - no relationship, a random scatter

  Linear - straight line can be visualized

  Curvilinear - line forms a U or S curve
• sampling error = based on two factors: the sample size and the amount of diversity in the sample
• 12 things to avoid when writing survey questions

  • jargon, slang, and abbreviations
  • Confusion, vagueness
  • Emotional language 
  • Prestige bias
  • Double-barreled questions
  • Don’t confuse beliefs with reality
  • Leading/loaded questions
  • Beyond respondents capabilities
  • False premises
  • the future
  • Double negatives
  • Overlapping
• Types of research questions : Behaviour, Attitudes/beliefs/opinions, Characteristics, Expectations, Self-classification, Knowledge
• Quantitative research is deductive
• qualitative approach is inductive(grounded theory)
• Priority: In this type of research, the researcher decides whichmethod (qualitative or quantitative) is to be considered the primary technique
• Sequence: the order in which the researcher carries out datacollection or analysis in mixed methods research
• Ethnography is an example of a multi-method approach in qualitative research where participantobservation is mixed with unstructured interviews.
• Monostrand design - One single research method
• Multi-method approach - More than one research method of the same type (e.g. more than one quantitative method or more than one qualitative method)
• Mixed method approach(triangulation)