Sts 2-4

• The prehistoric period or when there was human life before records documented human activity roughly dates from 2.5 million years ago to 1,200 B.C.
• Archaeological periods

  • Stone age
  • Bronze age
  • Iron age
• The instinct of early humans to survive allowed them to create several types of technologies.
• It is considered that the discovery of creating fire is the first technology
• Stone Age

  • Marked by the invention and use of stone tools by our early human ancestors
  • Transformation of the society from a culture of hunting and gathering to farming and food production
• There are limited to no written accounts of the human activities that occurred in the Stone Age. Only cave drawings, unearthed artifacts (such as stone tools, bone tools) are available for us to study, leaving us with little capacity to contemplate.
• Paleolithic period


  Humans were gatherers/hunters, hunting wild animals and birds, fishing, and collecting wild fruits, nuts, and berries
• Paleolithic period

  • The "Venus", a carving of a voluptuous woman out of ivory of stone
  • Fur clothing made from the fur of the animals
  • Pit houses, temporary shelters
  • Personal ornaments and crude (not polished) hunting tools made of stone
• Mesolithic Period

  End of the last Ice Age, extinction of many large mammals (like mammoths), rising sea levels and climate change that eventually caused man to migrate
• Paleo means?

  Old
• Lithic means?

  Stone
• Meso means?

  Middle
• Neo means

  New
• Humans were gathered hunters

  Paleolithic
• No permanent shelter

  Nomads
• Not polished stone tools

  Crude
• Evidence in mesolithic

  Microliths, more polished stone tools
• Hunters /gatherers to farmers?

  Neolithic
• 88% 


  Copper
• 12%

  Tin
• Metals are obtained from ores through smelting

  Bronze age
• Rise of organized government, law and warfare, as well as beginnings of religion in this age, example is the Egyptian civilization which gave rise to the

  Pyramids of gizq
• replaced bronze because it is significantly better in terms of flexibility and strength

  Iron age
• Iron ore was first smelted in

  South Caucasus
• can be seen as more precious than gold because of its number of uses in agriculture and weaponry

  Iron
• also known as the medieval period and has started with the fall of the Roman Empire and has lasted for 1,000 years until 1450. - The beginning of the Middle Ages is called the Dark Ages


  Middle age
• bound to the lord’s land and paid very high rent to the lord.

  Serfs
• pulls on horse’s shoulders to enable it to plough and carry wagons

  Horse collar
• that rotates and generate electricity from that movement

  Watermill
• that provides direction to European mariners/conquistadors

  Magnetic compasses
• an early type of seismograph that determine the presence and direction of an earthquake


  Seismoscope
• magnetic compass made of

  Iodestone
• used as weapons for military activities. 


  Cannon
• to carry heavy loads and wagons 


  Wheel barrow
• were the ones to divide a year in 12 months


  Indians
• (science of smelting)

  Metallurgy
• based on the belief that health and wellness depend on a delicate balance between mind, body, and spirit.

  Ayurveda
• Indian develops the concept of

  Square root and linear equation
• an Italian master navigator, completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that opened the way for European exploration, exploitation, and colonization of the Americas

  Christopher Columbus
• excelled at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making, and mathematics, impressive architecture and symbolic artwork - Pyramids made out of limestone - Used cocoa beans as monetary units

  Maya