[20.2] Visual

• Visual impairment

  • occurs when the eye condition affects and limits the visual systems and its vision functions
• Low Vision

  • visual impairment that impairs one's ability to perform daily living and it is not treatable through glasses
• Classification (WHO)

  • Mild: 30 - 60
  • Moderate: 70 - 160
  • Severe: 200 - 500
  • Profound: 500 - 1000
  • Near-total: < 1000
  • Total: no light
• Prevalence worldwide

  • 2.2 billion - near/far sightedness
  • 1.1 billion - could have been prevented
  • 94 million - cataract
  • 88.4 million - refractive error
  • 8 million - macular degeneration
  • 7.7 million - glaucoma
  • 3.9 million - diabetic retinopathy
  • 826 million - presbyopia
• Prevalence PH

  • 1.98%
  • 1.11 million - cataract
  • 400k - uncorrected
  • 300k - glaucoma
  • 200k - maculopathy
  • 4 million - undiagnosed
• • cataract: cloudy lens, older
  • macular degeneration: retina
  • glaucoma: increase internal pressure (flow of fluid within the eye), optic nerve
• • diabetic retinopathy: diabetes
  • corneal opacity: scarring of cornea
  • trachoma: chlamydia trachomatis
  • preventable blindness
• Children common cause

  • cataract
  • refractive error
  • Phthisis Bulbi (end-staged eye)
• Amblyopia: fails to develop visual system during childhood
• Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

  • born prematurely
  • high levels of oxygen
• Retinal Detachment: retina that separates from its underlying layer

  Acquired TBI: head injuries, stroke, brain damage
• ophthalmologist: diagnoses and treats eye condition through medication or surgery
• optometrist: specializes for caring eyes and do eye examination to prescribe treatments needed to correct vision
• Optician: helps in fitting eyeglasses and other vision correcting devices
• Organizations

  • DOH: Z package (prevention of blindness program)
  • Resources for Blind Inc.
  • Philippine National School for Blind
  • Philippine Eye Research Institute