Health Assessment LECTURE

• Mouth and Throat are primary digestive system, responsible for

  ingestion, taste, digestion preparation, and speech aiding.
• nose and paranasal sinuses are primary respiratory system,

  responsible for receiving, filtering, warming, and moistening air for

  transport to the lungs.
• Mouth is made out of the following:

  • Lips
  • Cheeks
  • Hard & Soft Palate
  • Uvula
  • Tongue and its muscle
• Three parts of throat:

  • Nasopharynx (top)
  • Oropharynx (middle)
  • Laryngopharynx (bottom)
• Three types of tonsils in the throat:

  • Palatine tonsils
  • Lingual tonsils
  • Pharyngeal (adenoids)
• Four pairs of paranasal sinuses:

  • frontal
  • maxillary
  • ethmoidal
  • sphenoidal
• Mouth - Beginning of digestive tract
• tongue - is a mass of muscle attached to hyoid bone
• tonsils - are lymphoid tissues that protect from infection
• Palatine tonsils - located on both sides of the oropharynx at the end of the soft palate between the posterior and

  anterior pillars
• Lingual tonsils - Located at the base of the tongue
• Pharyngeal - found in the high nasopharynx
• nose - composed of bone and cartilage and is lined with mucous

  membrane.
• Sinuses - These air-filled cavities decrease the weight of the skull and act as resonance chambers during speech.
• Objective data in lips:

  • Lips consistency
  • Moisture
  • Color
• Objective data in teeth:

  • Number of teeth
  • Color
  • Condition
  • Any repairs
  • Cosmetics
  • Alignment of jaws
• Objective data in buccal mucosa:

  • Color
  • Consistency
• Objective data in tongue:

  • Moisture
  • Color
  • Texture
  • Size
  • Fasciculations
  • Midline Protrusion
  • Hardness
  • Ability to taste
• Objective data in external nose:

  • Color
  • Shape
  • Consistency
  • Tenderness
• Objective data in nostrils:

  • Ability to sniff
• Objective data in internal nose:

  • Color
  • Intact
  • Moisture
  • Free of lesions
• Objective data in sinuses:

  • Tenderness
• HERPES SIMPLEX TYPE I( COLD SORES) - clear vesicles surrounded by red

  indurated base
• CHEILOSIS OF LIPS - scaling painful fissures at corner of

  lips
• CARCINOMA OF LIP - round, indurated lesion becomes crusted and ulcerated with elevated border
• BLACK HAIRY TOUNGE - not hair but elongated filiform of papillae seen with use of antibiotics that inhibit normal bacteria
• CARCINOMA OF TOUNGE - round, indurated lesion becomes crusty and ulcerated with elevated border
• CANKER SORE - painful small ulcers inside mouth; do not occur on lip surface; noncontagious
• RECEDING GUMS- gum tissue surrounding tooth pulls back, exposing more of tooth or root of tooth
• LESIONS - advanced lesions seen in HIV
• GINGIVITIS - red swollen gums that easily bleed