DISS

• Structural Functionalism


  Perspective which describes the society as a social system that has a social structure of its own, made up of different parts which are interconnected which works together in harmony to achieve balance or social equilibrium
• The society's social system is seen as analogous to the human system wherein all systems of the body should be working harmoniously in order to be a functional body
• The social institutions are the pillars of the human society
• Social Institutions


  • Government
  • Economy
  • Education
  • Religion
  • Family
• Basic and most important element

  Social Institutions
• Structuralism


  The term used that believes that it is a "must" the human should be part of a big structure
• Corporations, factories, university systems, and even communities are groups too
• Early Functionalists


  Anthropologists (i.e. Levi Strauss, Radcliff – Brown, Malinowski, and others)
• Claude Levi-Strauss


  Widely regarded as the father of structural anthropology
• Claude Levi-Strauss


  His work was heavily influenced by Emile Durkheim
• Bronislaw Malinowski


  Biocultural Functionalism - He suggested that individuals have physiological needs (reproduction food and shelter)
• A.R. Radcliffe Brown


  Focused on social structure rather than biological needs
• Family


  • Provides a context for reproducing, nurturing, and socializing children
• Education


  • Offers a way to transmit a society's skills, knowledge, and culture to its youth
• Politics


  • Provides a means of governing members of society
• Economics


  • Provides for the production, distribution, and consumption, of goods and services
• Religion


  • Provides moral guidance and an outlet for worship of a higher power
• Functional


  If social elements contribute to social stability
• Dysfunctional


  If social elements disrupt social stability
• Some aspects of society can be both functional and dysfunctional
• Manifest Functions


  Consequences intended and commonly recognized
• Latent Functions


  Consequences that are unintended and often hidden
• Karl Heinrich Marx


  Philosopher, Political Economist, Historian, Sociologist, Founder of Communism
• Karl Marx born


  May 5, 1818
• Karl Marx died


  March 14, 1883
• Friedrich Engels


  German social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher, and father of Marxist theory together with Karl Marx
• The Communist Manifesto


  One of the most influential political manuscripts, presents an analytical approach to the class struggle, the problems of capitalism and the capitalist mode of production
• Das Kapital


  Capital: Critique of Political Economy, a critical analysis of political economy published in 1867 intended to reveal the economic laws of the capitalist mode of production
• Marxism


  • Social Inequality
  • Class Conflict
• Marxism is a perspective that the world is full of conflict
• Marxism is the complete opposite of structural functionalism
• Society is composed of different groups with their own interest to protect and each group is competing for power and resources
• Marxism


  As a theoretical perspective, it focuses on class relations and social conflict that promotes social inequality in the human society
• Social inequality


  Resources in a given society are distributed unequally, which socially define or divide people into categories
• Economic inequality


  Unequal distribution of income or wealth, central in the writings of Marx
• Historical dialectical materialism


  The basis of history is the existence of human beings, how human beings survive, means of subsistence
• Historical dialectical materialism through eras

  • PRIMITIVE: Hunter and gatherer, simple tools, manpower, chief-leader, slaves-lower group, women and children-vulnerable groups
  • FEUDAL: Advanced tools, animal power/beasts of burden, feudal lords, nobility, the landed class-leaders, serfs, tenants-lower groups
  • INDUSTRIAL: Steam power, machine power, capitalist-leaders, proletariat-lower group
• Communism


  According to Karl Marx, the final synthesis where the proletariats revolt against the capitalist in order to have this utopian (ideal) society
• Communism


  Everyone has equal access to resources, resulting from a classless society with no more inequalities
• 2 types of structural functionalism

  1. Social Facts
  2. Social Institutions