NURSING INFORMATICS MIDTERMS

• Computer information system


  Can either stand alone or be part of a larger system the whole facility uses
• Nursing information system (NIS)


  • Can increase efficiency and accuracy in all phases of the nursing process – assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementing and evaluating
• Assessment


  1. Use the computer terminal to record admission information

  2. As you collect data, enter further information as prompted by the computer software program

  3. Enter data about the patient's health status, history, chief complaint and other assessment
• Nursing Diagnosis


  1. Most current programs list standard diagnoses with associated signs and symptoms as references

  2. After you use your clinical judgment to determine a nursing diagnosis for each patient, you can rapidly get information related to the diagnosis
• Planning


  1. To help you begin writing a plan of care, newer computer programs display recommended interventions for the selected diagnoses and expected outcomes

  2. Computers also can track outcomes for large patient populations
• Implementation


  1. Use the computer to record interventions and patient information, such as transfer and discharge instructions, and to communicate this information to other departments

  2. Computer generated progress notes automatically sort and print out patient data such as medication administration, treatments, and vital signs, making documentation more efficient and accurate
• Evaluation


  1. You can use computers to compare large amounts of patient data

  2. Help identify outcomes patients are likely to achieve based on individual problems and needs, and estimate the time frame for reaching outcome goals

  3. During evaluation, use the computer to record and store observations, patients' responses to nursing interventions, and your own evaluation statements

  4. If a desired patient outcome hasn't been achieved, record new interventions taken to ensure desired outcomes. Then reevaluate them
• Clinical pathway


  The main tool used to manage the quality in healthcare concerning the standardization of care processes
• Clinical pathways


  • Reduce the variability in clinical practice and improve outcomes
  • Differ from clinical guidelines and protocols as they are a set of practical treatment processes detailing how to implement clinical guidelines, including both clinical guidelines and non-clinical activities
• Clinical guidelines


  Recommendations on how to diagnose and treat a medical condition
• Clinical guidelines


  • Are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances
  • Should be firmly based on reliable evidence relating to clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and any recommendations should be linked to the evidence, with references and a grading of the supporting evidence
  • Can be used to reduce inappropriate variations in practice and to promote the delivery of high quality, evidence-based health care
  • The purpose is to improve the quality of care for patients and improve clinical effectiveness by implementation of evidence-based care in daily practice
• Characteristics of guidelines


  • Validity
  • Cost effectiveness
  • Reproducibility
  • Reliability
  • Representative development
  • Clinical Applicability
  • Clinically flexible
  • Clarity
  • Meticulous Documentation
  • Scheduled Review
  • Unscheduled review
• Electronic journals


  Periodical publications which are published in electronic format, usually on the internet
• Evidence Based Practice in Nursing Journals


  • Nursing students require education that integrates evidence-based practice (EBP) knowledge across classroom and clinical settings
  • Evidence-based nursing searches a wide range of medical journals applying strict criteria for the validity of research and relevance to best nursing practice
• Classical Electronic Journals


  Available through internet applications, originally distributed via email but now available on the web
• Parallel Electronic Journals


  Journals available both in print and electronically, where the electronic version may differ from the print journal
• Database Model


  Articles reside in a centralized database maintained by the publisher and subscribers are given permission to access the database to locate and download articles
• Software Model


  The software would have an expiration date that corresponds with the length of the subscription
• CD-ROM Journals


  The full text of journals has been made available on CD-ROMs
• Full Text E-Journals


  Complete articles are available rather than just summaries or abstracts
• Electronic Only Journals


  Journals that are only available electronically, no counterpart like print or CD-ROM is available
• Advantages of E-Journals


  • Customization
  • Full-Text Searching or Navigation
  • Speed of Access
  • Hypertext Links
  • Can be saved digitally
  • Multimedia Facility
  • Saved Physically Storage
  • Less Paper
  • Availability
• Disadvantages of E-Journals


  • Difficulty in reading computer screens
  • Reliance on Equipment
  • Less Permanent
  • Higher Cost
  • Complexities for acquisition
  • Lower Quality
  • Frustrating Interfaces
  • Requirement to log on
  • Less material available
  • Maintenance
• Intellectual Property (IP) law

  A branch of law that deals with the protection of intangible assets that are created by the human intellect
• Types of Intellectual Property Law

  • Patent Law
  • Copyright Law
  • Trademark Law
  • Trade Secret Law
  • Industrial Design Law
• Patent Law


  Legal protections granted by governments to inventors, giving them exclusive rights to their inventions for a limited period
• Criteria to obtain Patent Law

  • Novelty: New and not publicly disclosed
  • Utility: Inventions must have a useful purpose
  • Non-obviousness: Must involve an inventive step
• Copyright Law


  Protects original works of authorship, including literary, artistic, musical, and dramatic works, as well as photographs, films, software, and architectural designs
• Trademark Law


  Distinctive signs, symbols, logos, words, or phrases used by businesses to identify and distinguish their goods or services from those of others
• Trademark Law


  • Play a critical role in brand protection and consumer identification by providing legal protection, building brand recognition and reputation, facilitating market differentiation, and enhancing consumer confidence
• Trade Secret Law


  Valuable, confidential information that provide a competitive advantage to a business
• Industrial Design Law


  Protects the visual aspects of manufactured products, including their shape, configuration, pattern, and ornamentation
• Drawbacks of IP


  • Digital Piracy
  • Counterfeiting
  • Patent Trolls
• Trade secrets


  Examples include formulas, algorithms, customer lists, manufacturing processes, and marketing strategies
• Industrial Design Law


  • Protects the visual aspects of manufactured products, including their shape, configuration, pattern, and ornamentation
  • Prevents unauthorized copying or imitation of the design, thereby protecting the product's aesthetic appeal and commercial value
• Drawbacks of IP


  • Digital Piracy
  • Counterfeiting
  • Patent Trolls
• Copyright Law is officially known as Republic Act No. 8293
• Copyright Law took effect on January 1, 1998, under the presidency of Fidel Ramos
• Copyright


  The legal protection extended to the owner of the rights in an original work
• Works covered by Copyright Law

  • Books
  • Writings
  • Musical works
  • Films
  • Paintings
  • Computer programs