Refers to an art form that involves performing carefully planned actions and emotions in front of an audience.
Philippine Theater
Is described as a wide range of mimetic performances that were created and presented during occasions.
Audience
The performers have to present in front of an audience and connect with them.
Director
Serves as an overseer to the entire production.
Performance Space
This element may refer to the space in which the actors can perform.
Design
Is essential in placing the overall feel of the production.
Text
This refers to the script. This must be present in a particular play or production
Dulang Pahiyang (Rituals)
In this category, theater is not viewed as a separate activity, but as a part of life. Rituals fall under this type.
Rituals
Is described as a way to communicate with gods or spirits. This involves a shaman, usually babaylan or an albularyo calling the spirit and being possessed by it.
Duplo
Is described as a poetic debate, in which the balagtasan was derived from. Poem with 4 lines with 12 syllables per line.
Bayok
Maranao mimetic joust.
Theme depends on the occasion on when the joust is performed.
Balitaw
Poetic debate between a man and woman.
Later evolved into drama-balitaw(involves portraying a particular story on stage with minimal set. )
Dulambayan (People’s Theater)
Theater in the context of social movements.
Plays under this type aim to improve current systems of government.
Osana
Short reenactment of the triumphal entry of Jesus to Jerusalem.
Pangangaluluwa
Refers to a tradition involving carolers who go to each house in the community to act like souls in purgatory and beg for alms.
Siete Palabras
Reenactment of the last three hours of Jesus Christ on the cross.
Sinakulo
Play performed during Holy Week.
Creation of the world until the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Salubong
Short reenactment of the meeting of Mary and Jesus who rose from the dead.
Soledad
Reenactment of Mary’s grief after burying Christ.
Tatlong Hari
Reenactment of the travel of the Magi to worship the infant Jesus in Bethlehem.
Via Crucis
A way of remembering the events leading up to Christ’s death and burial.
Theatre as Art
Based on Western models.
Is viewed as a profession. - Done in formal private buildings(schools, auditoriums)
Children’s Theater
Aims to educate the children and the rest of the community on basic rights of children.
Puppet Theater
Form of drama in which puppets portray the roles of characters in the story.
Opera
Refers to a form of musical theater that was introduced in the Philippines during the late 19th century.
Indigenous Theater
Type of theater is usually seen in the form of rituals, mimetic customs, and dances.
Has mostly Malay qualities and is performed in communities that comprise about 5% of the country's population.
Theater with Anglo-American Influence:
Bodabil
Is a stage presentation that consists of a range of musical and comedy acts, skits, and monologues, novelty and acrobatic numbers, solos and chorus lines. - Mainly used as a form of political theater.
Performed during town fiestas, film musicals, and on radio.
Documentary Style
Performed to connect historical persons and events to the present.
Brechtian Theater
Also known as the Theater of Instruction. Inspired by Bertolt Brecht.
Features a social orientation and utilizes mime, dances, songs, stylized sets and costumes and typical characters.
Related to this is the Absurd Theater (Situations are deliberately exaggerated to prove an idea.)
Dula-Tula
Is a variant of the dramatic monologue, which involves one actor speaking while acting out his emotions and thoughts.
Contributes meaning and aids understanding
Materials educe response and evoke implication. Any medium used by the artist in his/her work insinuates the message
Changes perception and level of appreciation
Having an idea about the materials used in an artwork will impact the audience
Respect for art and higher appreciation for it will likely occur once materials and techniques coincide with form and content
Increases cultural value
The use of indigenous materials in creating artworks promotes one's high regard to culture and heritage
Products made out of local materials stimulate not only quality but also worth and pride
Enlivens one's creativity
The use of readily available materials in art creation was an advantage for early Filipino artists
As time passed by, this work has started to lose its essence
Interests collectability and marketing
Innovative yet resourceful artworks are hot in the eyes of art enthusiasts and designers
Using available materials bombard impression for valuable and marketable art choices
Collage
Technique involving sticking various flat elements such as printed illustrations and photographs onto a flat surface
Decalcomania
Technique entailing applying gouache to a surface of materials like metal, glass, and canvas
Decoupage
Technique involving decorating an object by gluing cutouts of paper onto it and then coating it with transparent varnish
Frottage
Art obtained through rubbing a crayon or pencil on a piece of paper over an object or image
Montage
Technique involving making a picture overlap another picture or design to form a blend