CA 12 4th Quarter

• Theater

  • Refers to an art form that involves performing carefully planned actions and emotions in front of an audience.
• Philippine Theater

  • Is described as a wide range of mimetic performances that were created and presented during occasions.
• Audience

  • The performers have to present in front of an audience and connect with them.
• Director

  • Serves as an overseer to the entire production.
• Performance Space

  • This element may refer to the space in which the actors can perform.
• Design

  • Is essential in placing the overall feel of the production.
• Text

  • This refers to the script. This must be present in a particular play or production
• Dulang Pahiyang (Rituals)

  • In this category, theater is not viewed as a separate activity, but as a part of life. Rituals fall under this type.
• Rituals

  • Is described as a way to communicate with gods or spirits. This involves a shaman, usually babaylan or an albularyo calling the spirit and being possessed by it.
• Duplo

  • Is described as a poetic debate, in which the balagtasan was derived from. Poem with 4 lines with 12 syllables per line.
• Bayok

  • Maranao mimetic joust.
  • Theme depends on the occasion on when the joust is performed.
• Balitaw

  • Poetic debate between a man and woman.
  • Later evolved into drama-balitaw(involves portraying a particular story on stage with minimal set. )
• Dulambayan (People’s Theater)

  • Theater in the context of social movements.
  • Plays under this type aim to improve current systems of government.
• Osana

  • Short reenactment of the triumphal entry of Jesus to Jerusalem.
• Pangangaluluwa

  • Refers to a tradition involving carolers who go to each house in the community to act like souls in purgatory and beg for alms.
• Siete Palabras

  • Reenactment of the last three hours of Jesus Christ on the cross.
• Sinakulo

  • Play performed during Holy Week.
  • Creation of the world until the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
• Salubong

  • Short reenactment of the meeting of Mary and Jesus who rose from the dead. 
• Soledad

  • Reenactment of Mary’s grief after burying Christ.
• Tatlong Hari

  • Reenactment of the travel of the Magi to worship the infant Jesus in Bethlehem.
• Via Crucis

  • A way of remembering the events leading up to Christ’s death and burial.
• Theatre as Art

  • Based on Western models. 
  • Is viewed as a profession. - Done in formal private buildings(schools, auditoriums)
• Children’s Theater

  • Aims to educate the children and the rest of the community on basic rights of children.
• Puppet Theater

  • Form of drama in which puppets portray the roles of characters in the story.
• Opera

  • Refers to a form of musical theater that was introduced in the Philippines during the late 19th century.
• Indigenous Theater

  • Type of theater is usually seen in the form of rituals, mimetic customs, and dances. 
  • Has mostly Malay qualities and is performed in communities that comprise about 5% of the country's population.
• Theater with Anglo-American Influence:

  Bodabil

  • Is a stage presentation that consists of a range of musical and comedy acts, skits, and monologues, novelty and acrobatic numbers, solos and chorus lines. - Mainly used as a form of political theater.
  • Performed during town fiestas, film musicals, and on radio.
• Documentary Style

  • Performed to connect historical persons and events to the present.
• Brechtian Theater

  • Also known as the Theater of Instruction. Inspired by Bertolt Brecht.
  • Features a social orientation and utilizes mime, dances, songs, stylized sets and costumes and typical characters.
  • Related to this is the Absurd Theater (Situations are deliberately exaggerated to prove an idea.)
• Dula-Tula

  • Is a variant of the dramatic monologue, which involves one actor speaking while acting out his emotions and thoughts.
• Contributes meaning and aids understanding

  • Materials educe response and evoke implication. Any medium used by the artist in his/her work insinuates the message
• Changes perception and level of appreciation


  • Having an idea about the materials used in an artwork will impact the audience
  • Respect for art and higher appreciation for it will likely occur once materials and techniques coincide with form and content
• Increases cultural value


  • The use of indigenous materials in creating artworks promotes one's high regard to culture and heritage
  • Products made out of local materials stimulate not only quality but also worth and pride
• Enlivens one's creativity


  • The use of readily available materials in art creation was an advantage for early Filipino artists
  • As time passed by, this work has started to lose its essence
• Interests collectability and marketing


  • Innovative yet resourceful artworks are hot in the eyes of art enthusiasts and designers
  • Using available materials bombard impression for valuable and marketable art choices
• Collage


  Technique involving sticking various flat elements such as printed illustrations and photographs onto a flat surface
• Decalcomania


  Technique entailing applying gouache to a surface of materials like metal, glass, and canvas
• Decoupage


  Technique involving decorating an object by gluing cutouts of paper onto it and then coating it with transparent varnish
• Frottage


  Art obtained through rubbing a crayon or pencil on a piece of paper over an object or image
• Montage


  Technique involving making a picture overlap another picture or design to form a blend