LAB IHS

• the measurement of the body's most key functions which are used to observe medical problems.

  Vital signs
• Four main vital signs that are regularly monitored by healthcare providers:

  temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate and blood pressure
• Is a measure of the body's ability to produce heat through metabolism and excrete heath energy.

  Temperature
• To maintain homeostasis our body needs a temperature range of?

  36.0 to 37.5 degrees celsius
• The normal human body temperature is measured using a thermometer.
• What is the normal body temperature of an adult?

  36.5 to 37.5 degrees celsius
• Assessment of body temperature is essential as it is an indicator of?

  new infection or ongoing illness
• Methods to take the body temperature

  Axillary, oral, tympanic, and rectal methods
• The body temperature varies throughout the day from?

  0.5 degrees Celsius to 1.5 degrees Celsius
• Factors that could also affect body temperature

  Exercise, eating, circadian rhythms, and ovulation
• It measures the rate of the heart or the number of times the heart beats per 60 seconds.

  Pulse rate
• It indicate the heart rhythm and strength of the pulse

  Pulse rate
• Most common site used for taking pulse

  Radial artery
• What is the normal resting pulse for adults?

  60 to 100 beats per minute
• A beat higher than 100 beats per minute is termed as?

  tachycardia
• A beat that is lower than 60 beath per minute is termed as?

  bradycardia
• An irregular pulse is not?

  constant, not consistent, and not rhythmic beat
• Is the number of breaths of a person per minute

  Respiration rate
• It is commonly measured when the person is at rest, preferably for about 5 minutes, and the number of the breaths is counted through the rise of the chest during breathing. 


  Respiration rate'
• When counting in respiratory pulse, observed also the?

  depth, rhythm, and symmetry of the chest during breathing
• The rise and fall of lungs is equal on both sides and must look effortless and noiseless

  Normal breathing
• Most sensitive and essential indicator among vital signs

  Respiratory rate
• respiratory rate maintains homeostasis by regulating the balance between the

  oxygen and carbon dioxide gases
• normal range for respiratory rate in adults?

  12 to 20 breaths per minute
• required to evaluate a persons' respiration rate

  systematic method
• can be done by looking at the patient for any signs of anxiety shortness of breath, distress, and ability to talk, observing the skin color, and the position of the patient

  Visual assesment
• May indicate signs of insufficient oxygen delivered to the tissues like in pale and bluish (cyanosis) skin

  Skin color
• affects not only the respiration rate of the person but also the rhythm and depth of breathing.

  Body position
• will allow the lungs to expand more than when in supine position

  Sitting upright
• another important aspect in respiratory assessment, there should be no noise in normal breathing such as wheezing or gurgling sound

  Audible information
• Indicated when only one side of the chest is rising

  Pneumothorax
• Measurement of the force of blood against the walls of the arteries during the contractions and relaxation of the heart.

  Blood pressure
• when measuring the blood pressure, which are the?

  two numbers are recorded, systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
• pressure in the artery during the contraction of the heart and it is written as the higher number.

  systolic pressure
• pressure inside the artery during the relaxation of the heart and it is written as the lower number

  diastolic pressure
• unit used for blood pressure

  mmHg
• signifies the extent of the rise of mercury column in response to the pressure of the blood.

  mmHg
• What is the rate of the systolic pressure?

  120 mmHg
• What is the rate of the diastolic pressure?

  80 mmHg
• what is the normal blood pressure?

  120/80 mmHg