localisation of function

• What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

  frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
• What does localisation mean?

  this suggests that specific areas of the brain are responsible for different behaviours and functions
• What brain area is involved in regulating movement?

  motor
• What brain area is involved in processing sensory information?

  somatosensory
• What brain area receives and process visual information?

  visual
• What brain area is concerned with the analysis of speech?

  auditory
• Where is Broca's area located?

  left frontal lobe
• Where is Wernicke's area located?

  left temporal lobe
• What lobe is the visual area found?

  occipital
• What lobe is the motor area found?

  frontal
• What lobe is the auditory area found?

  temporal
• What lobe is the somatosensory area in?

  parietal
• What is responsible for speech production?

  Broca's area
• What is responsible for speech comprehension?

  Wernicke's areas
• What is Broca's aphasia?

  """broken speech"", trouble speaking, halting/jarring speech but you can understand what people are saying"
• What is Wernicke's aphasia?

  """fluent aphasia"", nothing the person says makes logical sense and you have trouble understanding"
• How does Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia support localisation?

  Damage to specific brain areas results in loss of function and so suggests they are localised to those brain areas.
• What is an argument against localisation?

  plasticity
• What case study is evidence for localisation?

  Clive wearing
• evidence from neurosurgery

  P: strength - damage to areas of the brain linked to mental disorders

  E: 44 people with OCD undergone cingulotomy

  E: post-surgical follow-up after 32 weeks showed 30% had a successful response to surgery and 14% had a partial response

  L: therefore behaviours associated woth serious mental disorders may be localised
• evidence from brain scans

  P: strength - brains scans support localisation of function

  E: brain scan showed Wernocke's area active during a listening task and Broca's area active during reading task

  E: long-term memory studies show episodic and semnatic memories reisde in differet areas of prefrontal cortex

  L: therefore these studies provide scientific evidence for localisatio of function
• counterpoint

  P: limitation - challenges localistaion of function

  E: researcher removed 10-50% of areas of the brain in rats learning a maze route

  E: o area seemed more important than another area in learning the route

  L: therefore some cognitive processes may be holistically distributed in the brain
• language localisation questioned

  P: limitation - language may not be localised

  E: brai scans show that laguage may be distributed more holistically than first thought

  E: language streams have been identified across the cortex inlcuding subcortical region such as the thalamus

  L: therefore language may be organised more holistically