history

• Types of crime


  • Crimes against the person
  • Crimes against property
  • Crimes against authority
• Crimes against the person


  Crimes that inflict harm on a person, including murder, rape, harassment, domestic violence and assault
• Crimes against property


  Crimes of theft where there is no threat of force or violence towards an individual, including burglary, car theft and arson
• Crimes against authority


  Crimes that threaten or oppose the government or leaders, including treason, conspiracy and espionage
• Types of punishment


  • Retribution
  • Deterrence
  • Rehabilitation or reform
• Retribution


  Punishment intended to get revenge for a crime, e.g. blood feud, mutilation, death penalty
• Deterrence


  Punishment intended to discourage further crime, e.g. public whipping, stocks, pillory, transportation, death penalty
• Rehabilitation or reform


  Punishment intended to help improve character and give opportunity to contribute positively to society, e.g. prison, community service
• Law enforcement methods


  1. Tithings

  2. Hue and cry

  3. Centralised and specialised police force
• Law enforcement was initially organised by the local community through tithings and the hue and cry
• Over time, the king and government took more responsibility for law enforcement, making it more organised