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• WHAT IS CULTURE?

  Culture is derived from Latin term “cultura”, which

  means “cult, worship, or civilization.”
• Culture, according to COAKLEY (2007),

  comprises of the ways of life that individuals develop

  as members of a group or community
• J.W. SALACUSE (1998) defines culture as

  community’s socially transmitted behavior patterns,

  norms, beliefs, and values.
• According to the Dutch scholar HOFSTEDE

  (1984), culture is the communal programming of the

  mind that differentiates members of one group of

  people from another.
• According to EDWARD TYLOR (1871), culture is

  the comprehensive totality that encompasses

  knowledge, religion, art, morality, law, tradition and

  any other capacities and habits acquired by man as

  a member of society.
• FEATURES OF CULTURE

  DYNAMIC. Culture is something that changes; it

  may be sluggish at times, but is generally

  continuous.
• FEATURES OF CULTURE

  LEARNT. Culture is not an inherited trait. Rather,

  it must be learned via interaction with one’s

  surroundings.
• FEATURES OF CULTURE

  LEARNT. Culture is not an inherited trait. Rather,

  it must be learned via interaction with one’s

  surroundings.
• FEATURES OF CULTURE

  NON-UNIFORM. Cultural components such as

  rituals, ideas, moral values, beliefs, and so on vary

  significantly, i.e. they differ in various parts of society.

  Furthermore, they evolve through time.
• FEATURES OF CULTURE

  PATTERNED. Culture is included. A change in

  one component will inevitably cause a change in the

  other.
• FEATURES OF CULTURE

  SOCIAL. Culture is a result of societ
• FEATURES OF CULTURE

  SHARED. Culture is something that all members

  of an organization share.
• CONCEPT OF DIVERSITY

  According to the Oxford English Dictionary,

  “diversity” is defined as “the practice or quality of

  including or involving people from a range of

  different social and ethnic backgrounds and of

  different genders, sexual orientations, etc.”
• CONCEPT OF DIVERSITY

  In the workplace, it means having employees with

  varied backgrounds and perspectives, ensuring a

  broader range of ideas and fostering creativity and

  innovation.
• “Diversity is a general issue for businesses, and

  as such, it must be managed by caution.”
• VARIOUS WRITERS HAVE CHARACTERIZED

  WORKFORCE DIVERSITY OR DIVERSITY IN A

  VARIETY OF WAYS.

  According to CARRELL (2006). It is

  the investigation of these disparities in a secure,

  pleasant, and caring setting. It is about getting to

  know one another and going beyond mere tolerance

  to embrace and celebrate the rich aspects of variety

  that each person inside the company has.
• VARIOUS WRITERS HAVE CHARACTERIZED

  WORKFORCE DIVERSITY OR DIVERSITY IN A

  VARIETY OF WAYS.

  According to KUNDU AND TURAN (1999),

  diversity refers to the cohabitation of individuals from

  different socio-cultural backgrounds inside a

  business. Cultural characteristics such as race,

  gender, age, color, physical ability, ethnicity, and so

  on are examples of diversity.
• VARIOUS WRITERS HAVE CHARACTERIZED

  WORKFORCE DIVERSITY OR DIVERSITY IN A

  VARIETY OF WAYS.

  According to GRIGGS (1995), variety comprises

  all of the ways in which individuals vary, as well as

  the various traits that distinguish one person or

  group from another. It is all-inclusive and

  acknowledges everyone and every group as

  valuable contributor to diversity.
• FEATURES OF DIVERSITY

  MULTIDIMENSIONAL: Diversity is

  multidimensional because it encompasses both

  visible and unseen human aspects.

  INCLUSION: Diversity encompasses both

  differences and similarities among individuals.

  PROS AND CONS: Diversity, when handled

  correctly, may provide a competitive advantage

  for a company; but, if mishandled, it can lead to

  the firm’s demise.
• WORKPLACE

  • location where people perform tasks, jobs and

  projects for their employer. Types of workplaces vary

  across industries and can be inside a building or

  outdoors.
• CONCEPT OF MULTICULTURAL DIVERSITY IN

  WORKPLACE

  • Cultural diversity refers to the variety of cultural and

  ethnic groups that exist in our society. These groups

  can be based on people's age, gender, ethnicity, or

  religion, among many other characteristics.

  • In the workplace, cultural diversity involves

  employees from different backgrounds working

  together in an inclusive environment.
• PRODUCTIVITY

  GROWTH

  CREATIVITY

  RECRUITMENT

  RETENTION
• CULTURAL DIVERSITY

  • defined as any significant difference in an

  individual's behavior within a culture. On a social

  level, the cultural milieu in the workplace reflects

  contemporary demographics, socioeconomic

  diversity, and cultural diversity
• CULTURAL DIVERSITY

  refers to the variety of human groups, civilizations,

  and cultures found in a certain region or throughout

  the world.
• CULTURAL DIVERSITY

  Cultural variety is made up of individuals and

  groups with diverse origins, beliefs, characteristics,

  habits, traditions, and values. It divides individuals of

  different races, ethnicities, nationalities, religions,

  and languages into different groups within a

  community, organization, or country.
• CONCEPT OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY

  Cultural diversity is a specific and contextual

  concept. Many contemporary academics see

  cultural diversity as an important difference that

  differentiates one individual from another, a phrase

  that covers a wide range of apparent and hidden

  traits.
• CONCEPT OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY

  Cultural diversity is a person's distinctive set of

  values, beliefs, attitudes, and expectations, as well

  as language, symbols, customs, and behaviors that

  they share with others.
• CONCEPT OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY

  Cultural diversity is identities arising from

  membership in socio-culturally distinct groups, that

  is, they collectively share norms, beliefs, or practices

  that vary from those of other groups.
• Cultural diversity


  A two-edged sword that can be both a source of conflict and discontent in an organization if managed correctly and a source of conflict and dissatisfaction if neglected by mistake
• Affirmative action and equal opportunity aren't enough when it comes to cultural diversity
• Aspects of cultural diversity

  • Gender
  • Age
  • Race
  • Ethnicity
  • Religion
  • Personality differences
  • Education
• Cultural diversity is not only the duty of senior executives or HR managers; it is also the responsibility of everyone in the company
• Cultural diversity is a continuous process that must be carried out in accordance with the changing requirements and expectations of a diverse workforce
• Thus, cultural diversity can be

  summarized as "workforce diversity," which

  includes all visible and non-visible factors that

  cause differences among people, such as gender,

  religion, physical disability, family status, age, race,

  hierarchical status, language, education, profession,

  and way of life, among others
• Cultural diversity is important for companies

  in the long run. It is especially important for

  hospitality businesses to understand cultural

  diversity ahead of time when growing internationally.

  Unfortunately, many companies expand globally

  without a strategic plan and are surprised by the

  cultural difficulties that their overseas operations

  confront.
• Recruiting, educating, and promoting

  culturally diverse employees is becoming more

  important for today's companies. Human Resource

  Management is increasingly recognizing the link

  between culturally diverse people and the business.

  The basic foundation for this approach may be

  established:
• A.Organizations exist to fulfill human needs.

  b. Organizations and people need each other.

  c. When the fit between the individual and the

  organization is poor, either one of them or both of

  them will suffer.

  d. When the fit between the individual and the

  organization is good, both will gain.
• As a consequence, cultural diversity has

  become more of a desire than a necessity. When

  managers respect their employees' cultural beliefs

  and values, they create a supportive environment.
• As a consequence, the company is able to create an

  acceptable environment of mutual trust and

  collaboration.
• Challenges of cultural diversity

  • Communication
  • Employee resistance to change
  • Workplace diversity implementation
  • Diversity in the workplace policy implementation