[22] Neurodegenerative Conditions

Cards (14)

  • Motor Neuron disease
    • atrophy of neurons in
    • precentral gyrus
    • frontal lobe/ventral lobe of spinal cord
  • MND
    mean disease: 3 years
    prolongs by: 3 month
    associated in FTD
  • TDP-43
    • commonly found in surviving motor neurons
    • pathological cause of FTD
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
    • lateral and anterior columns of the spinal cord
    • demyelination of axons
    • TDP-43: C9orf43
    • Sporadic and hereditary
    • 55-75 years old
    • men > women
    • caucasians and non-Hispanics
  • Manifestation of ALS
    • muscle weakness & atrophy
    • fasciculation (twitching)
    • distal to proximal; limbs first
  • Swallowing Difficulties of ALS in Oral Prep
    • saliva
    • chewing food
    • drooling
    • residue in mouth
    • food spilling outside mouth
  • Swallowing Difficulties of ALS in Preparatory Stage
    • food sticks in throat
    • coughing/choking
    • shortness of breath
    • spilling through nose
  • Swallowing Difficulties of ALS in Esophageal Stage
    • food stick in throat and back of the neck
    • regurgitation
  • direct pathways inhibits IGP
    indirect pathways inhibits EGP, prevent subthalamic nucleus, activates IGP
  • dopamine encourages direct, and inhibits indirect
    acetylcholine encourage indirect, and inhibits direct
  • Parkinson's Disease
    • common movement disorder
    • loss of dopamine in substantia nigra
    • mean duration: 12.4 years
  • PD Etiology
    • multifactorial disease
    • mean onset: 60% years old
    • sporadic
    • 10-15% genetic
    • alpha-synuclein protein found in 40% Lewy body dementia
  • PD Speech and Swallowing Difficulties
    • dysphonia; aphonia
    • hypokinetic dysarthria
    • swallowing
    • cognitive dysfunction: heterogenous
  • PD Specific Speech Intervention
    • LSVT: Lee Silverman Voice Treatment