SCIENCE

• Biomolecule - Any molecule that is produced by a living organism.
• Large macromolecules - Such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids.
• Condensation Reaction - is a process by which two molecules form a bond with the removal of a molecule of water.
• Hydrolysis - A reaction in which water is added to a reactant, breaking the reactant into two product molecules.
• Monomer - A small molecule that joins with other similar molecules to make a polymer; repeating units of a polymer.
• Polymer - A large organic molecule consisting of small repeating units called monomers.
• Glucose - Used in the cells of the body and in the brain
• Monosaccharide - simplest carbohydrates ( Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose)
• Disaccharides - Two sugar molecules joined together (Maltose, Lactose, and Sucrose)
• Polysaccharides - Contains ten monosaccharides units. Long chains of glucose molecules (Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose).
• Amino Acids - The building blocks of proteins
• Protein - Large biological molecules made up of amino acids
• Lipids - They are water insoluble molecules that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Fats and oils are triglycerides that are combinations of glycerol and three fatty acids.
• Proteins - Polymers of amino acids. They are found as structural materials in hair, nails and connective tissues. Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts
• Nucleic Acids - Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids. Both DNA and RNA are polymers that are made up of nucleotides.
• Nucleotides - Molecules that are composed of three parts: a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group.
• Carbohydrates - Element of contents are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• Lipid - Element of contents are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• Protein - Element of contents are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
• Nucleic Acid - Element of contents are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
• Polypeptide - Example of Protein.
• DNA/RNA - Example of Nucleic Acid.
• Triglycerides - Example of Lipids.
• Polysaccharides - Example of Carbohydrates.
• Monosaccharide - Building Block of Carbohydrates.
• Amino Acid - Building Block of Protein.
• Glycerol and Fatty Acid - Building Block of Lipids.
• Nucleotide - Building Block of Nucleic Acid.
• Adult - 45 to 65 percent of your total daily calories come from carbohydrates.
• Teens - The Institute of Medicine recommends teenagers eat at least 130 grams of carbs per day.
• Teen Girl - who eats 2,000 calories per day requires 225 to 325 grams of carbs (carbs provide 4 calories per gram
• Teen Boy - consuming 2,600 calories a day needs about 293 to 423 grams of carbohydrates daily.
• Gas - Made up of particles that continuously move in random and straight-line motion
• Robert Boyle - The relationship between the volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature was first stated during the 16th century
• Charles' Law - States that if the pressure is kept constant, then as the temperature increases, the volume also increases by an equal amount.
• Jacques Charles - Who determined the volume - temperature relationship in gases (k = V/T)
• Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac - The person who is credited with the determination of the temperature-pressure relationship in gases at constant volume.
• Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro - During the first half of the nineteenth century, Count of Quaregna and Cerreto, made important contributions in shedding light on reaction.
• V = volume
• P = pressure