Urbanisation

• Urbanization


  The process by which an increasing proportion of a country's population comes to live in urban areas. It involves the growth and expansion of urban areas as people move from rural to urban areas seeking better opportunities and lifestyles.
• Causes of Urbanization


  • Rural-Urban Migration
  • Natural Population Growth
  • Industrialization
• Rural-Urban Migration


  People moving from rural areas to cities in search of better employment opportunities, education, and improved living standards
• Natural Population Growth


  Higher birth rates in urban areas compared to rural areas can also contribute to urbanization
• Industrialization

  The growth of industries and factories in urban areas can attract people seeking employment
• Effects of Urbanization


  • Infrastructure Challenges
  • Environmental Impact
  • Social Changes
  • Economic Opportunities
• Infrastructure Challenges

  Pressure on infrastructure such as housing, transportation, water supply, and sanitation due to rapid population growth
• Environmental Impact

  Increased pollution, deforestation, and depletion of natural resources
• Social Changes


  Cultural blending, diversity, and new social challenges as people from different backgrounds come together
• Economic Opportunities


  Availability of more job opportunities, access to better healthcare and education facilities, and higher standards of living for many
• Urban Planning and Management

  • Sustainable Urban Development
  • Infrastructure Development
  • Housing and Slum Upgrading
• Sustainable Urban Development


  Strategies to promote sustainable practices in urban planning to ensure environmental protection and social equity
• Housing and Slum Upgrading


  Initiatives to provide affordable housing and improve living conditions in informal settlements and slums
• Rapid urbanisation has led to many problems such as pollution, congestion, crime, poor housing conditions, and social inequality.
• Infrastructure challenges