gender communication

• GENDER-FAIR LINGUISTIC EXPRESSIONS

  Can effectively prevent these negative consequences and promote gender equality, there are even more implicit forms of gender bias in language that are difficult to suppress
• LINGUISTIC ABSTRACTION

  A very subtle resource used to represent women in a less favorable way and thus to enact gender discrimination without meaning to discriminate or even be aware that this linguistic behavior has discriminatory results.
• In order to reduce gender bias, it is necessary to change people’s linguistic habits by making them aware of the beneficial effects of gender-fair expressions
• GENDER-FAIR LANGUAGE

  • Minimizes unnecessary concern about gender in your subject matter, allowing both you and your reader to focus on what people do rather than on which sex they happen to be.
• WENDY MARTYNA

  • Shown that the average reader's tendency is to imagine a male when reading he or man, even if the rest of the passage is gender neutral. 
• PEARSON (1981)

  • presented the terms masculine rhetoric versus feminine rhetoric.
  • MASCULINE RHETORIC - being decisive, direct, rational, authoritative, logical, aggressive, and impersonal.
  • FEMININE RHETORIC - being cautious, receptive, indirect, emotional, conciliatory, subjective, and polite.  
• JOHN GRAY

  His book said that men are from Mars, women are from Venus.
• In relation to intelligence, women develop more white brain matter, and men develop more gray brain matter. (University of California, Irvine, 2005.
• MALE BRAIN

  • Represents more information processing centers.
• FEMALE BRAIN

  • Represents more networking between these processing centers.
• DEBORAH FRANCES TANNEN

  • An American professor of linguistics at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.
  • Her book “You Just Don’t Understand” was published in 1960.
  • She presented a theory named Genderlect about cross-gender communication.
• GENDERLECT

  • To describe the way that the conversation of men and women are not right and wrong, they are just different.
• Some Major Difference Between Men and Women (TANNEN)

  • CONNECTION AND STATUS - women have a deep desire to seek connection, men have deep desire to seek status.
  • EMOTION AND RAPPORT - men will prefer solid facts, women will talk more about feelings, relationships, and people; they will include more emotional elements.
• Some Major Difference Between Men and Women (TANNEN)

  • PRIVATE AND PUBLIC - women talk more in private conversations, men talk more in a public form.
  • CONFLICT conflict for women is a process where connections are reduced, and so they will work hard to avoid them; men will use conflict as a short-cut to gaining status as it quickly establishes the ranking that they prefer.
• Goals of Genderlect:

  • Main goal - mutual respect and understanding.
  • Contrast - to feminist viewpoints that criticize men for inferior communication which extinguish women

  Simply identifies the differences between us and encourages us to acknowledge and accept the communicative culture of the other.
• CULTURE

  • All socially transmitted behaviors, arts, languages, signs, symbols, ideas, beliefs, which are learnt and shared in a particular social group of the same type.

  Handed down from one generation to another.
• Effects of Cultural Differences

  • Causes behavior and personality differences like body language, thinking, communication, manners. 

  Create problems in a normal communicating environment between two different genders of different cultures.
• CULTURAL NORMS

  • Different cultures have different communicating etiquettes.
• Non-Verbal Communication, What Your Behaviors Say About You

  • NODDING women nod to show that they understand something; men interpret nodding as concurrence.
  • SMILING women smile more than men do.
  • POSTURE women engage in weak body posture; men make more eye contact and stand all.
  • CLOTHING professionally attractive is much preferred over provocatively adorned.