Information systems 511A

• Computer


  An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data (input), processes the data according to specified rules, produce information (output), and store the results or information for future use
• Data


  A collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols
• Information


  Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful
• Hardware


  The electric, electronic, and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer
• Software


  The series of instructions that tells the hardware how to perform tasks
• Computer literacy


  Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses
• Information literacy


  The ability to identify what information is needed, understand how the information is organized, identify the best sources of information for a given need, locate those sources, evaluate the sources critically, and share that information
• Advantages of using computers

  • Speed
  • Reliability
  • Consistency
  • Storage
  • Communications
• Disadvantages of using computers

  • Violation of privacy
  • Public safety
  • Impact on labor force
  • Health risks
  • Impact on environment
• Categories of computers


  • Personal computers
  • Handheld computers
  • Internet appliances
  • Mid-range servers
  • Mainframes
  • Supercomputers
• Personal computer


  A computer that can perform all its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself and is intended to be used by one person at a time
• Types of personal computers

  • Laptops
  • Tablets
  • Desktops
• Laptop


  A thin, lightweight mobile computer with a screen in its lid and a keyboard in its base
• Tablet


  A thin, flat, lighter weight mobile computer that has a touch screen display, processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single device
• Desktop computer


  A personal computer designed to be in a stationary location, where all its components fit on or under a desk or table
• Server


  A computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other computers or devices on a network
• Types of mobile devices

  • Smartphones
  • Digital cameras
  • Portable media players
  • E-book readers
  • Game devices
• Smartphone


  An Internet-capable phone that usually also includes a calendar, an appointment book, an address book, a calculator, a notepad, games, and several other apps
• Types of messages sent with smartphones

  • Text messages
  • Picture messages
  • Video messages
• Digital camera


  A device that allows you to take photos and store the photographed images digitally
• Portable media player


  A mobile device on which you can store, organise, and play or view digital media
• 1. book reader


  A mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital e-books or electronic version of a printed book and periodicals
• Game device


  A mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiple-player game play
• Portable media player (PMP)

  A mobile device on which you can store, organise, and play or view digital media
• Digital audio player (DAP)


  A portable consumer electronics device capable of storing and playing digital media such as audio, images, and video files
• Portable media players

  • Equipped with a 3.5 mm headphone jack
  • Usually include a set of ear buds
• 1. book reader


  A mobile electronic device designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital e-books or electronic version of a printed book and periodicals
• Game console


  A mobile computing device designed for single- player or multiple player video games
• Data


  A collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video
• Information


  Conveys meaning to users, is useful and usually formatted in a manner that allows it to be understood by a human
• Input devices


  • Keyboard
  • Pointing methods (e.g., mouse, trackball)
  • Voice and video input
  • Scanners
• Output devices


  • Printers
  • Displays
  • Speakers
• Memory and storage devices

  • Hard disks
  • Solid-State Drivers
  • USB Flash Drives
  • Memory cards
  • Cloud storage
• Internet


  A worldwide collection of computer networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
• World Wide Web


  A global library of information available to anyone connected to the Internet
• Browser


  Software that enables users with an Internet connection to access and view webpages on a computer or mobile device
• Search engine


  Software that finds websites, webpages, images, videos, news, maps, and other information related to a specific topic
• Online social network


  Encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users
• Digital security and safety concerns

  • Viruses and other malware
  • Health concerns
  • Privacy
  • Environmental issues
• Types of malware


  • Viruses
  • Worms
  • Trojans
  • Ransomware
  • Spyware
  • Adware
  • Rootkits
  • Keyloggers
  • Botnets