P.E

• Location on maps

  • Title describing a location
  • Longitude and latitude coordinates that locate the area on the earth's surface
• Date of maps

  • Must be up-to-date as many parts of the Philippines have dramatically changed during the past 20 years, and government maps may not reflect on this changes
• Scale


  The ratio describing the amount of reduction of the earth's surface on a map. For example, a 1:24,000 topographical map means that one unit of distance on the map equals 24,000 of the same unit distance on earth.
• Graphic scale


  Usually included on the map's border
• BASE PLATE - the plexiglas rectangle under the compass itself - referred to as protractor
• serves as two purpose - measuring distance using the scale, assists the orienteer in determining
• Kindling


  Dry wood, either thin as a pencil or as a thick as your thumb
• Fuel

  The largest wood that keeps your fire going
• Sleeping Bag and Pad


  • Provides warmth and comfort for a good rest at night
  • Serves as a cushion from the ground and most importantly, as an insulator against the coldness of the ground
• Water

  • In front country camping, it usually either brought by the camper or may be provided through plumbing or pump
  • In backcountry camping, it is important that the campsite has a nearby water source from rivers, streams, lakes or springs
• Thomas Hiram Holding


  Considered as the father of modern camping, a British travelling tailor whose passion for camping was developed as a child
• Essential things to bring in camping

  • Clothes
  • Sleeping Bag and Pad
  • Tents
  • Cooking and Eating Utensils
  • Water
• 7 Leave No Trace Principles

  • Plan Ahead & Prepare
  • Travel & Camp on Durable Surfaces
  • Dispose of Waste Properly
  • Leave What You Find
  • Minimize Campfire Impacts
  • Respect Wildlife
  • Be Considerate of Other Visitors
• Manpower

  about human labor force - Most serious and main factor
• material

  refers to raw material - mainly form part of the finished product
• method

  process or way transforming the raw material to finished product
• product


  physical output of the whole production process
• a product can be?

  HOMO HETERO
• HETEROGENOUS 


  dissimilar characteristics like furnitures bags home decors
• Homogeneous

  has a physical appearance and has a chemical content -like...