gen. chem

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Cards (18)

Solids 
Formed when the temperature of a liquid is low, and pressure is high
Rigid
Particles hardly diffuse
Crystalline Solids 
Atoms, ions, or molecules are ordered in well-defined arrangements
Have flat surfaces and sharp angles
Have regular shapes
Crystalline Solids 
Ice
Sugar
Salt
Gems
Amorphous Solids 
Do not have orderly structures
Have poorly-defined shapes
Types of Crystalline Solids
Ionic Solids
Molecular Solids
Covalent Solids
Metallic Solids
Ionic Solids 
Positive and negative ions
Electrostatic attractions
Hard, brittle, and poor electrical and thermal conductors
Ionic Solids 
NaCl
MgCl2
Ca(NO3)2
Molecular Solids 
Atoms or molecules
Hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole forces, and dispersion forces
Soft, low to moderate high melting point, and poor thermal and electrical conductors
Covalent Solids 
Atoms connected in a network of covalent molecules
Covalent bonds
Very hard, very high melting point, and often poor thermal and electrical conductors
Metallic Solids 
Atoms or molecules
Metallic bonds
Soft to hard, low to high melting point, malleable, ductile, good thermal and electrical conductors
Metallic Solids 
Cu
Na
Zn
Fe
Al
Unit Cell 
The smallest portion of the crystal which shows the complete pattern of its particles
Crystal Lattice 
Formed when unit cells are repeated in all directions
Parallelepipeds 
Six-sided figures whose faces are parallelograms
Basic Types of Unit Cells
Simple Cubic
Body-centered Cubic
Face-centered Cubic
Tetragonal
Orthorhombic
Monoclinic
Rhombohedral
Hexagonal
Triclinic
Simple Cubic unit cell has an atom at each of the eight corners of the cube
Body-centered Cubic unit cell has an additional atom in the center of its cube
Face-centered Cubic unit cell has additional atoms on each of its six faces where each is shared with another neighboring cube