History E

• In what year did the Revolt of the Northern Earls take place?


  1569
• What were the causes for the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

  Religious settlement favours Protestants not catholics which makes them unhappy.

  
  

  Anger at James Pilkington, new Bishop of Durham, attempting to enforce Protestantism.

  
  

  Anger at promotion of 'new men' such as Robert Dudley and Cecil to positions of power.

  
  

  Concern at lack of heir and Elizabeth's refusal to marry.
• Who were the rebels who started the Revolt of the Northern Earls?


  Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland and a Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland.
• What was Thomas Percy's and Charles Neville's plan once they killed Elizabeth?


  Initially they planned to marry Mary, Queen of Scots to the Duke of Norfolk to produce heirs later to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with Mary using foreign support.
• What were key events that took place as a result of the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

  In 1569, after they heard of Norfolk's arrest, (and with the encouragement of their wives, Jane Neville and Ann Percy) the Catholics Earls rebelled. They wanted to restore the Catholic religion and so took control of Durham and destroyed ev idence of Protestantism before beginning to march South with an army of 4,500 men (many of these loyal supporters of the Earls).

  However, Elizabeth raised an army of 14,000 men and when the royal army arrived, the rebels, whose Spanish support had never arrived, were easily defeated. Westmoreland escaped, but Northumberland was imprisoned and about 450 rebels were executed and Mary, Queen of Scots remained in prison for the next 14 years.
• What was the Revolt of the Northern Earls significance?

  First rebellion by Catholics and this shows Catholics are a threat.

  
  

  Lead to harsher treason laws - treason to call Elizabeth a heretic or not queen. Ends power of Percy's and Neville's.

  
  

  Harsher treatment of Catholics - Earl of Huntingdon sent to enforce the religious settlement and who replaced James Pilkington.

  
  

  In 1570, the Pope excommunicated Elizabeth and this encourages Catholics to disobey their queen, shows their loyalty cannot be trusted (it is questioning).

  
  

  Weakened Catholics, no more rebellions, only plots.
• Who was Francis Walsingham?


  Elizabeth's spymaster.
• What year did the Ridolfi plot take place?


  1571
• Who was Ridolfi?


  An Italian banker who was living in England and he was a spy for the Pope.
• True or false

  
  

  Ridolfi arranged a plot to murder Elizabeth, and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots who would marry the Duke of Norfolk.


  True
• Who was involved in the Ridolfi Plot?


  Ridolfi, Mary Queen of Scots, the Duke of Norfolk, the Pope and Philip (King of Spain).
• What did Ridolfi plan to do?


  Murder Elizabeth, start a Spanish invasion and put Mary on the throne.
• What did the Ridolfi plot involve?


  Involved military support from Spain. Ridolfi had a letter from the Duke of Norfolk declaring himself a Catholic and agreeing to lead the rebellion if Philip II supported it. Philip told the Duke of Alba to prepare 10,000 men to invade if necessary.
• How did the Ridolfi plot fail?


  Walsingham and his spies discovered the plot and collected enough evidence to proveNorfolk had plotted against Elizabeth again. Ridolfi was abroad when the plot was discovered and never returned to England.
• What were the causes of the Ridolfi Plot?


  Elizabeth's excommunication. Catholics were treated more harshly.
• What was the significance of the Ridolfi Plot?


  Since the plot came so soon after the papal bull excommunicating Elizabeth it reinforced the threat posed by Mary and Catholics at home and abroad. It also reinforced the threat posed by Spain and in particular the Duke of Alba's presence in the Netherlands. The Spanish threat meant Elizabeth tried to improve relations with France.
• When did the Throckmorton plot take place?


  1583
• Who was involved in the Throckmorton Plot?


  French Duke if Guise, Mary Queen of Scots, Philip and Francis Throckmorton with support from the Pope.
• What was the plan for the Throckmorton plot?

  The Throckmorton plot planned for the French Duke of Guise (Mary, Queen of Scots' cousin) to inv ade England, ov erthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism to England. Philip II would prov ide financial support and a young English Catholic, Francis Throckmorton, would act as a go- between with Mary. The pope also knew about and supported the plot.
• Why did the Throckmorton plot fail?


  Walsingham and his spies found out about the plot and discoverred coded letters in Throckmorton's house. He was arrested in November 1583. He was tortured, confessed and was executed in May 1584.
• What were the causes of the Throckmorton plot?


  Life became even harder for English Catholics and many fled abroad. Around 11,000 were imprisoned or kept under surveillance and the Act of Association made helping or sheltering Catholic priests punishable by death.
• What was the significance of the Throckmorton plot?


  Highlights the threats of English Catholics as 11,000 Catholics were involved. Showed foreign threats such as French and Spanish foreign threats and showed the dangers of the Catholic powers of France and Spain working together.

  
  

  Led to 11,000 English Catholics being arrested so they can stop any attempts to try overthrow and kill Elizabeth and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots.
• What year did the Babington Plot take place?


  1586
• What was the plan for the Babington Plot?


  Once again, the Babington plot centred on the murder of Elizabeth I. It was similar to the Throckmorton plot; the Duke of Guise would invade England with 60,000 men and put Mary on the throne.
• Who was involved in the Babington Plot?


  Duke of Guise, Anthony Babington, Philip II, Mary and the pope who supported the threat.
• What led to the failure of the Babington plot?


  Anthony Babington, a Catholic with links to the French, wrote to Mary, Queen of Scots in 1586 about the proposed plot in July 1586. However, Mary's letters were being intercepted and read by Walsingham. Once he had enough information about the plot. including the names of six Catholics prepared to assassinate Elizabeth, they were all arrested.
• What was the significance of the Babington plot in 1586?


  Mary Queen of Scots was executed on 8th February 1587.

  
  

  Mass arrests of recusants and 31 priests were executed.

  
  

  It is more significant because it was following the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch. It also happened after France had signed the Treaty of Joinville.

  
  

  The plot was especially significant because by 1585 relations between England and Spain had broken down and the English were aiding Dutch Protestants in a rebellion against the Spanish. This made Elizabeth's position even more dangerous.
• Why was Mary, Queen of Scots executed in 1587?


  Because of plots, foreign threats, her own actions and the actions that parliament and Elizabeth's advisors took.
• Is this a plots, foreign threats, parliament/advisors or Mary's own actions for the reasons why Mary was executed in 1587?

  
  

  Mary had a strong claim to the throne of England. She and Elizabeth were cousins. She declared herself the rightful Queen in 1558


  Mary's own actions
• Is this a plots, foreign threats, parliament/advisors or Mary's own actions for the reasons why Mary was executed in 1587?

  
  

  Parliament was strongly Protestant and feared what might happen if the Catholic Mary ever became Queen. Powerful Protestants, such as William Cecil, Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester and Francis Walsingham were Elizabeth's closest advisors.


  Parliament/advisors
• Is this a plots, foreign threats, parliament/advisors or Mary's own actions for the reasons why Mary was executed in 1587?

  
  

  The Babington Plot of 1586 revealed that Mary approved of the plan to kill Elizabeth and was directly involved in the plan. Babington had written to Mary about the need to 'dispatch the usurper'. Mary had replied to this latter in agreement.


  Plots
• Is this a plots, foreign threats, parliament/advisors or Mary's own actions for the reasons why Mary was executed in 1587?

  
  

  Mary was a Catholic and attracted the support of some Catholics who were opposed to Elizabeth's Religious Settlement of 1559. Catholics disliked particular parts of the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity.


  Mary's own actions
• Is this a plots, foreign threats, parliament/advisors or Mary's own actions for the reasons why Mary was executed in 1587?

  
  

  When Mary first arrived in England in 1568, many of Elizabeth's closest advisers warned that she was a potential threat to Elizabeth and that she should send Mary to Scotland to face trial or execute her.


  Parliament/advisors
• Is this a plots, foreign threats, parliament/advisors or Mary's own actions for the reasons why Mary was executed in 1587?

  
  

  The Revolt of the Northern Earls (1569) had included aimed to restore Catholicism, overthrow Elizabeth, free Mary and make her queen.

  Plots
• Is this a plots, foreign threats, parliament/advisors or Mary's own actions for the reasons why Mary was executed in 1587?

  
  

  In 1570, the Pope excommunicated Elizabeth. This meant that Catholics were no longer obliged to obey her as Queen. Foreign rulers were encouraged to take action against England.


  Foreign threats
• Is this a plots, foreign threats, parliament/advisors or Mary's own actions for the reasons why Mary was executed in 1587?

  
  

  The Ridolfi Plot (1571) intended to restore Catholicism in England, overthrow Elizabeth and make Mary Queen. However, it was impossible to prove that Mary had been directly involved.


  Plots
• Is this a plots, foreign threats, parliament/advisors or Mary's own actions for the reasons why Mary was executed in 1587?

  
  

  In 1572, the Protestant Dutch rebelled against Spain in the Netherlands. Spain sent a huge force to crush it. The presence of a large Catholic army across the Channel was a threat to England.


  Foreign threats
• Is this a plots, foreign threats, parliament/advisors or Mary's own actions for the reasons why Mary was executed in 1587?

  
  

  Throckmorton Plot (1583) intended to restore Catholicism in England, overthrow Elizabeth and make Mary Queen.. However, it was impossible to prove that Mary had been directly involved.


  Plots
• Is this a plots, foreign threats, parliament/advisors or Mary's own actions for the reasons why Mary was executed in 1587?

  
  

  In 1584, the Protestant leader William of Orange was assassinated in Netherlands. This increased fears of a similar assassination in England against Elizabeth.


  Foreign threats
• Is this a plots, foreign threats, parliament/advisors or Mary's own actions for the reasons why Mary was executed in 1587?

  
  

  In 1584, Parliament agreed to the Bond of Association. This meant if anyone was caught, plotting against Elizabeth the punishment was death.


  Parliament/advisors