Exam. Law!

• What is a Patent

  Protects inventions and gives exclusive rights to use, make, sell, or import the invention
• What is Trademark

  Protects signs or symbols that distinguish goods or services and helps consumers identify and choose products
• Legal Rights And Advantages That Owner of Patents Receive?

  • Provide exclusive rights to inventions, encouraging innovation and allowing inventors to profit
• Legal Rights And Advantages That Owner of Trademark Recieve

  • Protect a brand's identity and reputation, ensuring customers can recognize and trust their products or services
• Engineers need to protect their own inventions and avoid infringing on others' rights
• Engineers need to ensure that their product branding doesn't violate existing trademarks
• Understanding patent and trademark laws helps engineers comply with intellectual property regulations and participate in commercializing new technologies and products
• Copyright


  Gives the creator of an original work exclusive rights to control its use and distribution
• What is the advantages and Disadvantages of Sole trader (business owner)

  • Complete control over decision-making and easy setup with minimal legal requirements
  • Unlimited liability for business debts and limited access to resources and capital for growth
• Partnership


  • Shared workload, combined resources and expertise, and potential tax benefits
  • Sharing profits, disagreements among partners, and unlimited liability for business debts
• Data Privacy


  Individuals' right to control how their personal information is collected, used, and shared by organizations
• Data Security

  Protecting data from unauthorized access and breaches
• Principles of Data Protection Legislation

  • Lawfulness, fairness, and transparency in data processing
  • Limitation of purpose, collecting data for specific and legitimate reasons
  • Data minimization, collecting only necessary data
  • Accuracy of data
  • Limitation of storage, keeping data for as long as needed
  • Integrity and confidentiality of data
  • Accountability, with the data controller responsible for compliance
• Consent in context of data


  An individual's agreement, given freely and with full knowledge, to allow their personal data to be processed
• Data Protection Officer (DPO)


  Oversees an organization's data protection strategy and ensures compliance with data protection laws
• Rights of Data Subjects

  • The right to be informed about how their personal data is used
  • The right to access their personal data
  • The right to correct inaccurate data
  • The right to have their data erased or restricted
  • The right to have their data transferred
  • The right to object to data processing
• Challenges of enforcing Data Privacy Laws in the digital age include keeping up with rapid technological advancements, dealing with cross-border data flows, enhancing enforcement mechanisms, and balancing privacy with other societal interests like national security
• Data Subject


  The individual whose personal data is collected, processed, or stored
• Data Controller


  The entity that decides how and why the personal data is processed
• Data Processor


  An entity that processes personal data on behalf of the Data Controller