Gegrafia

• Latitude/Parallels


  Lines used to find how far north or south a place is, run parallel to the Equator, 180 in total

  
• Major lines of latitude

  • The Arctic Circle (N.P)
  • The Antarctic Circle (S.P)
  • The Tropic of Cancer
  • The Tropic of Capricorn
  • The Equator

  
• Southern Hemisphere


  Anything south of the Equator, labeled °S

  
• Northern Hemisphere


  Anything north of the Equator, labeled °N

  
• Longitude/Meridians


  Lines used to find how far east or west a place is, run from top to bottom of Earth

  
• Greenwich meridian line


  The line labeled 0°, runs through London
• Eastern Hemisphere

  Anything east of the Greenwich Line, labeled °E
• Western Hemisphere

  Anything west of the Greenwich Line, labeled °W
• Continents


  • North America
  • South America
  • Africa
  • Europe
  • Asia
  • Australia and Oceania

  
• Oceans


  • Pacific Ocean
  • Antarctic Ocean
  • Arctic Ocean
  • Indian Ocean
  • Atlantic Ocean
• Ordnance Survey


  UK national mapping agency, produces paper maps and digital mapping products
• Satellite navigation


  Uses satellites to identify and give directions to different locations, GPS helps users know where they are, in which direction they are traveling, and at what speed
• GIS


  Describes a range of information that is gathered and applied to maps, can have many layers of information on the same map, helps compare a variety of information for one area
• Map components


  • Title
  • Scale (numeric, graphic, chromatic)
  • North Arrow
  • Key or Legend
  • (Relative) Situational Chart
• Symbols


  Help include lots of detail on maps drawn to scale, include simple images or letters and abbreviations
• Direction


  The north arrow
• Scale and distance


  Maps have a scale that shows how much bigger the world is than the map, e.g. 1 cm on map = 50,000 cm in real world, shown by a scale bar
• Ways maps show height

  • Spot height
  • Triangulation numbers
• Contours


  Lines drawn on maps that join places of the same height, usually brown or orange
• Layer shading


  Maps sometimes shaded to show the height of the land
• Grid references


  Help locate a place, vertical lines are eastings (increase east), horizontal lines are northings (increase north)