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• Kinship


  Social institution that refers to relations formed between members of society
• Types of Kinship


  • Kinship by blood (Consanguineal kinship)
  • Affinal kinship (kinship based on marriage)
• Consanguineal kinship


  Kinship based on blood, considered the most basic and general form of relations, achieved by birth or blood affinity
• Consanguineal kinship


  • Parents and their children
  • Between siblings
  • Between nieces/nephews and aunts/uncles
• Descent


  Biological relationship; individual's child or offspring or ancestry
• Lineage


  The line where one's descent is traced
• Unilineal Descent


  • Traced through a single line of ancestor from either male or female line
• Types of Unilineal Descent

  • Patrilineal (both males and females belong to the kin group of their father, only males pass on family identity)
  • Matrilineal (descent traced through the female line)
  • Bilateral (descent through study of both parents' ancestors)
• Affinal kinship


  Kinship based on marriage, forged by marriage alliances
• Marriage


  An important social institution where two persons, a man and a woman, enter into family life and make a public, official, and permanent declaration of their union as lifetime couples
• Forms of Marriage


  • Monogamy (one spouse or sexual partner)
  • Polygamy (multiple spouses or sexual mates)
  • Polygyny (a man has multiple female partners)
  • Polyandry (a woman has multiple male partners)
• Endogamy


  Compulsory marriage within one's own village, community, ethnic, social or religious group
• Exogamy


  Marriage custom where an individual is required to marry outside their own group, community, or social classes
• Rules of Residence


  • Neolocal (independent from parents)
  • Patrilocal (with husband's relatives)
  • Matrilocal (with wife's relatives)
  • Bilocal (alternating between husband's and wife's kin)
• Referred Marriage


  Marriage arranged with the help of a matchmaker
• Types of Arranged Marriages

  • Child marriage (parents arrange marriage long before)
  • Exchange marriage (reciprocal exchange of spouses)
  • Diplomatic marriage (between royal/political families)
  • Modern arranged marriage (parents choose with child's consent)
• Compadrazgo


  Ritualized form of forging co-parenthood or family through Catholic rituals like baptism, confirmation, and marriage
• Compadre/Kumpare


  Male godparent
• Kumare


  Female godparent
• Family


  Basic unit of social organization, made up of individuals linked by marriage, blood, or adoption
• Types of Families


  • Nuclear family (married couple and their biological/adopted children)
  • Extended family (beyond nuclear family)
  • Blended family (parents with children from previous relationships)