Histor
Cards (8)
- Two-Kingdom System
- Proposed by Carolus Linnaeus in 18th Century
- Regnum Animale (Animal Kingdom)
- Regnum Vegetabile (Plant Kingdom)
- Regnum Lapideum (Mineral Kingdom)
- Created to make the study of living beings easier
- Three-Kingdom System
- Proposed by Ernst Haeckel in 1866
- Kingdom Animalia
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Protista (includes all unicellular organisms)
- Two Empires Three Kingdoms
- Proposed by Édouard Chatton in 1925
- Distinction between prokaryotes (without a distinct nucleus) and eukaryotes (with a distinct nucleus)
- Four-Kingdom System
- Proposed by Herbert Copeland
- Moved prokaryotic organisms, bacteria and "blue-green algae", into the kingdom Monera
- Idea of a ranking above kingdom came from this time
- Life separated into two empires or superkingdoms, Prokaryota (Monera) and Eukaryota (Protista, Plantae, Animalia)
- Five-Kingdom System
- Proposed by Robert Whittaker in 1969
- Included Kingdom Fungi
- Monera were prokaryotes
- Plantae were multicellular autotrophs (producers)
- Animalia were multicellular consumers
- Fungi were multicellular saprotrophs (decomposers)
- Protista was like the trash bag, where anything that doesn't fit in the other 4 kingdoms was placed in
- Six-Kingdom System
- Proposed by Carl Woese in 1969
- Divided Prokaryota into Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
- Seven-Kingdom System
- Proposed by Thomas Cavalier Smith by the end of the 20th Century
- Bacteria and Archaea were put together in the same kingdom, called Bacteria
- Protists were divided into two kingdoms: Chromista and Protozoa
- Glaucophytes, red and green algae were classified inside the kingdom Plantae
- Domain: Archaea
- Organisms: Methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles, and psychrophiles
- Cell Type: Prokaryotic
- Metabolism: Depending on species, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur, or sulfide may be needed for metabolism
- Nutrition Acquisition: Depending on species, nutrition intake may occur through absorption, non-photosynthetic photophosphorylation, or chemosynthesis
- Reproduction: Asexual reproduction by binary fission, budding, or fragmentation