AP wolrd unit 1 (1200-1450)

• Pastoral society

  Society that depended on domisticated animals.
• How did the song dynasty maintain and justify it's power?

  used traditional methods of Confucianism and imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify it's rule.
• Confucianism

  Official chinese philopsophy. A philosophy that taught human society is heirachical by nature, which is to say, society was composed of unequal relationships. Fathers were greater than sons, husbands were greater than wives, rulers were greater than subjects.
• Filial piety

  The practice of honoring one's ancestors and parents.
• Tang Dynasty (618-907)

  Successor to the Han Dynasty. Lasted from 618 to 907. Accomplishments such as the Grand Canal were some of the great feats achieved in this "Golden Age". Ended in rebellion, created another warring states period. Confucianism ended with this period.
• How did Neo-Confucianism illustrate innovation and continuity?

  Neo-Confucianism was a continuation of Confucianism with innovations inspired from Daoist and Buddhist beliefs.
• Imperial bureacracy

  A governmental entity that carries out the will of the emperor
• What was foot biding meant to demonstrate to others in Chinese society?

  It showed that a man was wealthy to hire servants so that his wife didn't have to work.
• Civil service examination system

  Exams that Chinese bureaucrats passed to serve in state, based on Confucian concepts, Han origins.
• What does it mean to give a job to the most qualified individuals?

  meritocratic
• What was the relationship between Korea and China?

  Korea maintained a tributary relationship with the Chinese making them an independent state. Korean officials would visit the song court and acknowledge their power, because of this china and Korea had a close relationship.
• What did Korea adopt from China?

  They adopted Confucian principles, China's technology, its culture, and especially its policy of isolation.
• Which 3 states were Chinese influence most significant in?

  Vietnam, Japan, and Korea
• What did Vietnam adopt from China?

  Centralized government, courts and civil service system, Confucian philosophy, Mahayana Buddhism
• How did Vietnam differ in it's adoptions of Chinese ideas?

  Although Vietnam adopted Confucian ideas and the civil service exam, it still gave significant respect and authority to women in society.
• Buddhism.

  Originated in India, but spread to China. The beliefs of Buddhism is the 4 noble truths and the eight fold path
• Mahayana Buddhism

  Emphasized that Buddhist teachings were available to all, and not just a select few.
• Dar-Al-islam

  the house of islam.
• What were the 3 major religions that interacted with each other?

  Judaism, Islam, and Christianity
• Three monotheistic religions.

  Judaism, Christianity, Islam
• Judaism

  the monotheistic religion of the Jews. Originated in the middle east.
• Christianity

  A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.
• Islam

  A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.
• Why did Islamic states typically become more prosperous than Christian states?

  A core element of Islam was the importance of trade. Christianity, however, discouraged accumulating wealth.
• How did Turkic Muslims seize power in the Abbasid caliphate and Ayyubid sultanate?

  in order to consolidate their power, the Abbasids and Ayyubids brought in Turkic warriors to fight for them. However, as successive rulers grew weaker and more incomponent, the Turkic warriors seized more political power and eventually took over.
• what were two notable continuities of the Turkic Islamic empires?

  The military ran the administration and the empire operated under sharia law.
• What 3 historical processes facilitated the spread of Islam?

  Trade, Military conquest, and missionaries.
• The renaissance of Europe would not be possible...

  If Arab scholars had not translated classical Greek and roman literature.
• Abbasid caliphate

  Ethnically Arab, in power during the golden age of Islam
• Turkic Muslim empires.

  Seljuk Empire, Mamluk Sultanate, Delhi Sultanate
• How did islam spread?

  Military expansion, trade, Muslim missionaries.
• Sufism

  a new and emerging form of Islam that emphasized mystical experience.
• What were the innovations and transfers in dar-islam?

  Mathematics, house of Islam
• What are the features of Hinduism?

  Polytheistic, goal is to achieve Brahman, helped unify Indian culture.
• How did Buddhism compare to Hinduism?

  Both Hinduism and Buddhism believed in the cycle of rebirth.
• How was Buddhism different from Hinduism?

  Hinduism was an ethnic religion whereas Buddhism was a universalizing religion.
• What were the 3 most influential religions in India during the post-classical era?

  Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism
• How was the development of Buddhism in South Asia ironic compared to the development of Islam and Hinduism?

  Buddhism became more exclusive despite its features as a universalizing religion, whereas Islam and Hinduism became more open through the Sufi and Bhakti movement.
• What was an important development of the Vijayanagara kingdom?

  After escaping the oversight of Muslim rulers, the Vijayanagara kingdom was founded as a Hindu state in direct rivalry to bordering Islamic states.
• What was the geographical importance of the Strait of Malacca?

  It allowed states which controlled the Strait of Malacca to impose taxes on passing merchant ships and accumulate significant wealth.