BT paints and coatings

• PAINT - a mixture consistng of vehicles or binders, with or without coloring pigments, adjusted and diluted with correct amounts and types of additves and thinners, which when applied on a surface, forms an adherent contnuous flm which provides protecton, decoraton, Sl'nitaton, identfcaton and other functonal propertes. 
• Water-Based Paints - These paints use water as a solvent and are environmentally friendly due to their low levels of volatle organic compounds (VOCs). They are commonly used for interior walls and ceilings 
• Oil-based paints - use oil, such as linseed oil or alkyd, as a binder. They offer excellent durability and are suitable for outdoor surfaces like wood and metal 
• Vehicle - a nonvolatile fluid in which the solid body material is suspended. The vehicle should consist of !rom 85 to 90 percent drying oil and  
• Pigment - materials which give the paint its color. In the case of white paint, the body is the pigment. Color pigments are classified into two basic groups. 
• Two classification of Pigment.

  1. NATURAL GROUP.
  2. SYNTHETIC PIGMENT GROUP
• Red pigment.

  1. Red lead
  2. Vermilion red orches
• Brown pigment.

  1. Burnt umber
• Yellow pigment.

  1. Zinc oxide.
  2. Chromium oxide.
  3. Cadmium oxide
• Blue pigments.

  1. Ultramarine blue.
  2. Cobalt blue.
  3. Prussian blue.
• Green pigment.

  1. Ultramarine green.
  2. Emerald green.
  3. Viridian
• Black pigment.

  1. Carbon black
  2. Lampblack
• Thinners - are volatile solvents, materials which have a natural affinity for the vehicle in the paint. They cause the paint to flow better; They evaporate when the paint is applied.  
• Driers - The main function of a paint drier is to accelerate the drying of resin (mainly alkyd) in the paint and in consequence paint film becomes hard.  
• Alkyd Paints - Alkyd paints are the modern descendant of oil paints. Instead of pigment suspended in oil, alkyd paints are typically formed by an alkyd resin dissolved in a thinner. Most commercially available “oil-based paints” are made with pigment suspended in a solution of an alkyd resin and a petroleum-based solvent such as naptha.  
• Latex Paints - also known as acrylic paints, use acrylic polymers as binders. They dry quickly, have minimal odor, and are easy to clean up, making them popular for both interior and exterior applications  
• Metallic paints - generally consist of a base coat with a clear "lacquer" , usually a transparent acrylic polyurethane top coat, for protection and extra gloss. Spraying is the best method of applying metallic paints as it permits the spreading of a uniform film and encourages even depositing of the metallic flakes used for decor ative purposes.  
• Luminescent Paint - made by adding fluorescent and phosphorescent pigments to any one of a number of drier free vehicles. including alkyd marine varnish, spirit var nish, or quick-drying lacquers.  
• Unprotected steel- at a critical temperature of 500 degree celsius loses its strength. Fire resistance may be far less than 30 mins.  
• Steel protected with intumescent coating - typical application of an instumescent coating done by airless-spray, brush or roller
• Steel protected with intumescent coating in a fire scenario- still with intumescent coating test requirements for 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes
• Polyester coatings- are made from a combination of

  resin and catalyst, which makes them less expensive

  than epoxy coatings. Polyester coatings are also less
• Varnishes - constitute a group of more-or-less transparent liquids which are used to provide a protective surface coating, at the sametime they allow the original surface to show but add a lustrous and glossy finish to it.  
• Enamel paints - are painting metal, glass, wood, ceramic items, and interior walls and exterior walls of a room. It is highly popular among homeowners because of its versatility in terms of application, ease of cleaning up after use, and durability.  
• Shellac functions- as a tough natural primer, sanding sealant, tannin-blocker, odour-blocker, stain, and highgloss varnish. 
• Lacquer- is a special liquid which is painted on wood or metal in order to protect it and to make it shiny.  
• Eight varieties of clear and colored lacquers:

  1. Clear gloss lacquer.
  2. Clear flat lacquer.
  3. Tinting lacquer.
  4. Brushing lacquer.
  5. Bronzing lacquer.
  6. Shading lacquer.
  7. Water white lacquer.
  8. Dipping lacquer.
• STAINS - materials used to apply color to wood surfaces. They are intended to impart color without concealing or obscuring the grain and not to provide a protective 
• Penetrating stain - is generally a traditional oil-based wood stain formulated to enter the pores on wood surfaces. By getting absorbed into the wood, the stain can enhance the natural beauty of that wood by making its color appear more vibrant. 
• Non-grain-raising (NGR)- stain is a type of dye that is dissolved in a solvent and does not include water. They are very fast drying and are sprayed and left to dry  
• Pigment Wiping Stains - this type are made from translucent mineral pigments ground into a drying oil. They are applied by brushing or swabbing the surface with a cotton cloth and are allowed to set for various lengths of time after application 
• Spirit stains - are penetrating, alcohol-soluble dyes used to stain wood1. They produce deep color and little fiber swelling1. Spirit stains are methanol-based, which makes them quick-drying and prevents them from raising the grain of the timber they are applied to.  
• Water-soluble stains - are stains that can be removed with water-based cleaning solutions.  
• Stains.

  1. Spirit stains.
  2. Water soluble stains.
  3. Penetrating stains.
  4. Non-grain- raising (NGR)
  5. Pigment wiping stains
• FILLERS - are finishing materials which are used on wood surfaces, particularly those with open grain, to fill the pores and provide a perfectly smooth, uniform surface for varnish or lacquer. 
• A sealer - is a special type of primer designed to be used with, or in place of, a primer. A sealer prevents the topcoat from soaking into the substrate, and to a degree, can create a water-resistant layer between the substrate and topcoat.  
• Silicone water repellent - is a type of product that can be applied to various surfaces to make them resistant to water damage, while still allowing them to breathe and maintain their original appearance. Silicone water repellent can be used for masonry, textiles, leather, wood, and other materials that need protection from moisture, mold, stains, and corrosion  
• BRAND OF PAINTS

  1. Boysen
  2. Davies
  3. Pacific
  4. Nippon
  5. DuluxDulux
• Methods of application of paints and coatings.

  1. Brush
  2. Hand roller.
  3. Decorative roller.
  4. Cup gun spray .
  5. Airless spray.
  6. Hot airless spray.
  7. Litho coating roller.
  8. Plywood coating roller.
  9. Flow coating roller.
  10. Power dip coating
• Methods of application of paints and coatings. BRUSH