gensoc

• Gender


  A casual notion of distinction as male or female, man or woman, and boy or a girl indicative of the stereotype generalization of the differences of each gender
• Society before Gender and Development

  • Women are supposed to have "clean jobs" such as secretaries, teachers, and librarians
  • Women are supposed to make less money than men
  • Women are supposed to cook and do housework
  • Women are responsible for raising children
  • Women are never in charge
  • Women are submissive
  • It is always men who work in science, engineering, and other technical fields
  • Men are in charge; they are always at the top
  • Men do "dirty jobs" such as construction and mechanics
  • As husbands, men tell their wives what to do
  • Men are lazy and/or messy
  • Men are dominant
• United Nation Charter (1945) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) recognized women's equality and non-discrimination on the basis on sex
• Before Gender and Development, women were seen as wives and mothers
• Discrimination


  Overt negative behaviors towards a person based on his or her membership in a group
• Prejudice


  A set of unreasonable attitudes, more likely unfavorable, towards members of a particular group
• Sexism


  Any bias against an individual or group based on the individual's or group's sex
• Benevolent sexism


  Characterized by positive but stereotyped views of women
• Hostile sexism


  Characterized by negative stereotypical views towards women. It views of women are centered on beliefs that women are inferior to men due to superficial views that one can hold again women
• Ambivalent sexism


  Holds views of both hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes simultaneously
• Ambivalent sexism


  • Praising a woman for being nurturing while simultaneously believing she is not suited for leadership roles
  • Respecting a woman for her traditional gender role as a caregiver but not valuing her opinions in a professional setting
• Misandry


  Expresses a strong dislike, prejudice, or hatred towards men
• Misandry


  • Making derogatory comments about men's intelligence or abilities
  • Believing that men are inherently violent and untrustworthy
• Misogynist


  Expresses a strong dislike, prejudice, or hatred towards women
• Misogynist


  • Believing that women are only good for certain roles, such as caregiving or homemaking
  • Using sexist language or jokes to demean women
• Gender Discrimination


  Term or behavior associated to sexism against an individual as indicative stereotyped beliefs against women in particular
• Mainstream


  What's viewed by most people in a society as "normal"
• Mainstreaming


  Integrating gender into development planning in all sectors of society requires a uniform understanding of various concepts
• Development


  The sustained capacity to achieve a better life. For a nation or community, having a better life means members have a higher life expectancy and enjoy a higher quality of life
• Quality of life


  Involves: a) the capacity to do; and b) the capacity to be. It is for all, equally for women and men
• Development has a gender dimension that was not recognized until recently because men were perceived as dominant in the productive sphere, leading to the neglect of concerns particular to women</b>
• The neglect is now being redressed through affirmative action in which women are given the advantage so they can catch up in areas where they have fallen behind, and through policy and program
• Development aims at the fulfillment of three basic human needs

  • The ability to provide for basic necessities
  • The ability to become persons with identity, dignity and self-worth
  • The ability to exercise freedom and responsibility
• Gender and Development (GAD)


  The development perspective and process that is participatory and empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-determination and actualization of human potentials
• The General Appropriations Act (GAA) states that our government should have a GAD Program to which at least 5% of an agency's total budget should be allotted
• The Philippines is a signatory to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and is committed to promoting gender equality
• The 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article II, Section 14, recognizes the role of women and promotes equality. It also pledges adherence to the Magna Carta of Women (MCW), a local translation of CEDAW provisions
• The Philippines has committed to the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 2000-2015 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2016-2030
• Over a decade of gender mainstreaming has resulted in better coordination, formation and capacity building of gender focal points, establishment of gender resource centers, development of gender mainstreaming tools, and more focused gender mainstreaming in key sectoral programs
• The Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022 is the first of the four phrases in achieving the goals of Ambisyon 2040
• Gender and Development is an obligation of the government, as it advocates for good governance, inclusive growth, quality and equitable education, and gender equality