DNE: Lecture 11**

• Possible factors for at risk children

  • drugs
  • abuse
  • neglect
  • pre-dispositions to mental illness &/ or physical disabilities
• Other factors for at risk children

  • lack of stimulating environment
  • lack of support in society
  • low SES
• Mainstreaming


  Putting children with special education needs in the general education classroom for some or most of the day. These children may also have some instructions in a special education classroom.
• Integration


  Offering support to students with special needs who participate in the standard curriculum without major restructuring of content or delivery
• Mainstreaming/ Integration proponents believe that a child with disabilities first belongs in the special education environment and that the child must earn his/ her way into the general education environment by demonstrating an ability to 'keep up' with the work assigned by the classroom teacher
• Inclusion

  Providing to all students, including those with significant disabilities, equitable opportunities to receive effective educational services, with the needed supplemental aids and support services, in age-appropriate classes in their neighbourhood schools, in order to prepare students for productive lives as full members of society
• Integration


  Increases the opportunities for the participation of a child who has a disability within the education system of a mainstream school
• Children with special needs are supported in inclusive classroom settings
• 1. 1 services may be provided with on going assessment
• Inclusive environment
• Mainstream teacher should be trained and supportive
• Children with special needs are involved and included in all activities to best of their abilities
• They may receive extra support in pull out classes
• Teachers' roles are clearly defined
• Inclusion readiness


  Basic critical skills and behaviours that are thought to contribute to successful participation and inclusion
• Verbal Behavior inclusion readiness

  • Mand Appropriately for desired items
  • Mands for activities
  • Mands for attention
  • Mands for Help
  • Response Yes/ No
  • Responds to choice of Reinforcer or activity
  • Mastered Basic Listener Literacy Protocol
  • Observational Learning
  • Naming Skills
• Social Skills inclusion readiness

  • Transitions appropriately
  • Attending in small or large groups
  • Choral Responding Skills
  • Parallel Play Skills
  • Cooperative Play Skills
  • Turn Taking and waiting skills
  • Sharing behaviors
  • Intraverbal behavior
  • Asking questions
  • Conversational units
• School Self-Sufficiency inclusion readiness

  • Walk in line appropriately
  • Follows classroom rules
  • Sits on floor during group without disrupting others
  • Answers teachers questions
  • Raises hand in group
  • Ignores inappropriate behaviors of others
• Academics inclusion readiness


  • Matching/ concepts of sameness
  • Discrimination of basic concepts
  • Writing grade level
  • Math grade level
  • Reading grade level