Pozzulo et al

Cards (14)

  • Psych Being Invg
    human memory: eyewitness produce false memory (believes to be true)
  • Background
    studied child-witnesses, cog effects (way ques asked) resp for errors in decision-making

    Pozzulo & Lindsay (1997): children less likely to say idk
    -lineups create mistakes: culprit not in lineup, more likely to identify innocent person false positive response

    soc effects on child witness:
    -need to choose
    -authority figure = comply
    -more pressured make choice (fear getting in trouble)
  • Aim
    soc vs cog factors on childrens performance (minimize cog)
    -identification (targ present)/rejection(targ absent) of cartoon characters
  • Hypotheses
    -children good as adults identifying carton faces target present
    -children worse identifying human faces target present

    -children worse than adults rejecting cartoon faces target absent
    -children worse than adults rejecting human faces target absent
  • Method
    labratory exp (police station)
    exp design: comparison (cv.a) independent measures
    -familiarity of target: repeated measures
    IV: 3
    -age: young children vs adults
    -line-up: identification (targ present) vs rejection (target absent)
    -level cog dem: familiarity of target (cartoon) = low cog dem, dif due to soc demands vs humans (unfamiliar = higher cog dem)
    DV: identifying correct faces presented empty silhouette
  • Sample
    59 children, 21f/38m
    -mean age 4.98 4-7yrs
    -prek/kinderg class priv school East Ontario (info prov by adults
    53 adults, 36f/17m
    -mean age 20.54yrs
    -recruited Intro Psych Par Eastern Ontario Univ
  • Procedure Video clips
    Human Face Targ:
    -2 caucasian students
    6 sec clip everyday task
    -female brushing hair, male putting coat on
    -no color/sound; showed 2-3 sec face

    Cartoon:
    Two 6 sec clips
    -Dora explorer talking to audience
    -Go Diego Go putting on pair of gloves for safety
    -color, no sound; showed 2-3 sec face
  • Procedure Photoarrays
    Human Face Targ:
    dif clothes
    -each target 4 foil photos chosen sim features
    -cropped include face, neck, top, shoulders

    Cartoons:
    2 cartoon targets, 4 foils off internet sim judged
    -cropped char face, sim clothes
  • Procedure
    Targ present: 3 foils; Targ abs: 4 foils
    blank silhouette if par judged target not present
    -simultaneous array (all at once)

    -position target randomized; target abs: 4th foil located same pos as og target

    -4 vids each cond cartoon targ pres/abs & human targ pres/abs
    -random order followed lineup
    -position/matching foil counterbalanced

    -children did crafts before, 3 fem exp professional/casual clothing;
    free recall/filler ques

    -non-spec probing questions: know anything else?
    -instructions: look at photos, may/may not be there
  • Results
    Aims supported
    -child/adult identification/rejection accuracy
    -childrens iden/rej accuracy betw cartoon/human
    adults better at children most tasks
  • Conclusion

    errors in targ absent lineup cartoons result soc factors due to ceiling effect w target present (100% accuracy)
    -not expected by faulty memory (cog fac)
    most likely soc factor: expectation to make selection, effects social demands (larger)
  • Strengths
    lab exp: standardized env, identical as position (nec to make task equally accesible)
    -ensured DV fully operationalized
    quantitative data: used statistics, comp cond, look at dif caused by DV
    dem characteristics controlled: avoided explaining main aim when briefed, inc internal validity (age only impact)
  • Weaknesses
    lineup not real (lab exp)
    -emotional experience not same, lowers ecological validity (soc effects)
  • Ethics
    -real crimes = risk for potential harm
    -consent gained
    -children had comfort, right to withdraw, monitored stress to protect harm