UCSP Q1

• Goals of Anthropology


  • Pursue a holistic understanding of what it means to be human
  • Understand the uniqueness and diversity of human behavior and human societies around the world
  • Discover the fundamental similarities that connect human beings throughout the world
• Goals of Sociology


  • Better understanding of humankind
  • Understand and cope with changes in society
• Goals of Politics


  • Make people better citizens
  • Keep social order and harmony among different groups of people
  • Protect the rights of an individual
  • Avoid conflict and promote cooperation
• Culture


  The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution or organization
• Culture


  A set of patterns of human activity within a community or social group
• Types of Culture


  • Material
  • Non-Material
• Material Culture


  It refers to the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture
• Non-Material Culture


  It includes ideas, beliefs, social roles, rules, ethics, and attitudes of a society
• Characteristics of Culture


  • Culture is shared
  • Culture is learned
  • Culture is symbolic
  • Culture is integrated
  • Culture is dynamic
• Cultural Variation


  Refers to the differences in social behaviors that cultures exhibit around the world
• Social Differences


  • Sex
  • Gender Roles
  • Socio-Economic Class
  • Ethnicity
  • Race
  • Gender
• Sex


  Refers to the biological characteristics that distinguish a male from a female
• Gender Roles


  Refers to attitudes and behaviors that the society expects a person based on his/her sex
• Socio-Economic Class


  The high income, the middle income and the low-income class
• Ethnicity


  Refers to the ethnic group who have common culture, language and history
• Race


  Refers to the group of people who shared inherited physical characteristics such as skin color, facial features and body structure
• Gender


  Attributes are shaped by the economy, by religion, by culture and traditional values to which an individual belongs
• Political Identities


  Refers to political position based on the interests and perspective of social groups
• Elements of Culture


  • Values
  • Norms
  • Language
  • Symbol
  • Religion
• Values


  Individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or another. They serve as a guide for human behavior
• Norms


  A standard of achievement or behaviour that is required, desired, or designated as normal
• Language


  A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted
• Symbol


  Symbols are the basis of culture. A symbol is an object, word, or action that stands for something else with no natural relationship that is culturally defined
• Religion


  A set of organized beliefs, practices, and systems that most often relate to the belief and worship of a controlling force, such as a personal god or another supernatural being
• Classification of Culture


  • Stable Culture
  • Unstable Culture
• Pattern of Culture


  • Transmissive
  • Dynamic
• Functions of Culture


  • Provides communication
  • Serves as a trademark or special feature that distinguishes one society from one another
  • Helps individual fulfill his potential as a social being
  • Acts as a social glue that helps to bind the people together
  • Provision of education
• Society


  A group of people living together in a definite territory, having a sense of belongingness, mutually interdependent of each other, and follow a certain way of life
• Why do people live together as a society?

  • Sense of Belonging
  • Survival
  • Specializations
• Components of Society


  • Organization
  • Population
  • Product
  • Institution
  • Territory
  • Culture
• Population


  Deals with numbers. It refers to a total sum of the people in a certain geographical region, say town, city, state, country, continent, or even the whole world
• Organization


  In sociology, a social organization is a pattern of relationships between and among individuals and social groups
• Product


  Products are indispensable to culture. They refer to objects or physical belongings of a population, which include various tangible items
• Institution


  A social institution is an interrelated system of social roles and social norms, organized around the satisfaction of an important social need or social function
• Territory


  Territory is a geographical area subject to the sovereignty, control, or jurisdiction of a state or other entity
• Culture


  Culture is a way of life that a whole society ascribes to, including rituals, art, attire, food, language, religion, art, and codes of behavior
• Elements of Society


  • Interdependence
  • Cooperation
  • Conflict
• Functions of Society


  • Satisfaction of Basic Needs
  • Preservation of Order
  • Management of the Economy
  • Division of Labor
  • Communication Management
  • Management of Education
• Functions of Society


  • Management of education
  • Preservation and transmission of culture
  • Leisure
  • Spirituality
• Sociology allows you to gain a greater understanding of the complex and simple nature of humans and their societies