Cell Division

• Recall the organelles that composes the cell
• CELL DIVISION


  The process by which cell multiply
• CELL CYCLE


  A series of events that take place in a cell as it grows and divides
• CROSSING - OVER


  The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of during meiosis
• CHROMATID


  The strand of one chromosome
• CENTROMERE


  The point where the two chromatids are attached
• CYTOKINESIS


  The division of the cytoplasm
• GAMETOGENESIS


  The formation of male and female germ cell
• HAPLOID (n)


  Contains a single set of chromosome
• DIPLOID (2n)


  Contains two set of chromosomes
• DAUGHTER CELLS


  Cells that are the result of a single dividing parent cell
• MITOSIS divides into two identical daughter cells and main function is for growth and repair
• MEIOSIS involves in the division of sex cells/gametes
• SEX CELLS: Gametes - sperm cell and egg cell
• SOMATIC CELLS: Any cell in the body that are not for reproduction
• CHROMOSOME


  Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells
• CHROMATID


  One of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division
• CENTROMERE


  Structure in a chromosome that holds together the two chromatids
• GAMETOGENESIS


  The process of formation and development of gametes
• DAUGHTER CELLS


  • 2 DIPLOID DAUGHTER CELLS
  • 4 HAPLOID DAUGHTER CELLS
• CYTOKINESIS


  Physical process that finally splits the parent cell into two daughter cells
• HAPLOID (n)


  Contains a single set of chromosomes
• CELL CYCLE


  A series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides
• What are the roles of cell division in our body? Growth, Repair, Reproduction, Maintenance, Regeneration
• GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: Somatic cells are diploid cells which undergo MITOSIS to continuously multiply and facilitate growth and development in the body
• TISSUE REPAIR: Somatic cells are diploid cells which undergo MITOSIS to replace damage tissues and takes part on the process of healing of a body part, plants and animals to get back to full function
• FERTILIZATION: Sex cells undergo MEIOSIS as a preparation for fertilization. Female gametes are called ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called sperm
• What are the roles of mitosis in an organism? Growth and Reproduction, Tissue Repair
• What is the main role of meiosis in an organism? produce gametes, or sex cells (sperm and egg cells), for sexual reproduction
• What type of cells undergo mitosis? Somatic cells
• What type of cells undergo meiosis? germ cells
• Why do you think gametes are haploid cells? Gametes are haploid cells because their role is to combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote, which will develop into a new organism
• GROWING OF HAIR: MITOSIS
• HEALING OF WOUNDS: MITOSIS
• DEVELOPING OF ORGANS: MITOSIS
• REPRODUCTION PROCESS: MEIOSIS
• RESPONSIBLE FOR GAMETOGENESIS: MEIOSIS
• Phases of Mitosis


  • Nucleolus disappear
  • Chromatids condensed into pair of chromosome
  • Nuclear envelope/membrane disintegrate
  • Formation of spindle fiber
  • Chromosomes appear as sister chromatids
  • Pair of Chromosomes lines up along metaphase plate
  • Pair of Chromosomes become visible
  • Spindle fiber connects to the centromere of the chromosome
  • Chromosomes separates
  • Each individual chromosomes are pulled towards poles
  • Spindle fiber contracts
  • Individual chromosomes are enclose in the nuclear membrane
  • Nuclear membrane starts to form again
  • Spindle fiber disappear
• How many daughter cells are produce after mitosis? 2 daughter cells, identical, diploid
• CROSSING OVER


  The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes