Social Science

• Diosdado Macapagal was born

  September 28, 1910
• Diosdado Macapagal

  9th President of the Philippines from 1961 to 1965
• Macapagal is most renowned for initiating the move of the Philippine Independence Day celebration from July 4 to June 12 to honor the country's true independence date
• Garcia lost to his former Vice-President Diosdado Macapagal of the Liberal Party


  In the 1961 Presidential Elections
• Diosdado Macapagal


  • He was a reformist president focused on rooting out corruption and improving the economy
• Macapagal's Reforms

  • Launched campaigns against corruption
  • Aimed to solve unemployment
  • Enhance food production
• Agricultural Land Reform Code


  Introduced by Macapagal to empower small farmers
• Macapagal implemented economic policies welcoming foreign investment
• Macapagal moved the Philippines' Independence Day celebration from July 4 to June 12, symbolizing a break from American influence
• Macapagal initiated regional collaborations like MAPHILINDO, a precursor to ASEAN, to strengthen ties with neighboring countries
• Macapagal was defeated in the 1965 elections


  By Ferdinand Marcos, known for his slogan "this nation can be great again"
• Macapagal implemented policies to uplift the lives of Filipinos, including land distribution and making farmers self-reliant
• Macapagal devalued the peso to $3.90 from $2, favoring foreign investors
• Despite efforts by Presidents Garcia and Macapagal to address economic and social issues, they faced challenges inherited from previous administrations
• Political candidates used various strategies to appeal to Filipinos, highlighting ongoing struggles in governance and development
• Austerity


  Being careful with spending money
• Garcia's administration

  • Focused on the idea of austerity
  • Believed in working hard, saving money, investing wisely, and being efficient
  • Wanted people to change their habits and be more thrifty in their everyday lives
• Filipino First Policy


  Policy that aimed to prioritize Filipinos in owning land, starting businesses, and buying local products
• The government hoped to boost the economy and make the country more independent economically by supporting Filipino industries
• Garcia worked on promoting Philippine culture by celebrating the centenary of national hero Jose Rizal
• Garcia played a role in the formation of the Association for Southeast Asia, which later became the Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
• Garcia faced challenges during his time in office, including widespread corruption in the government that made it difficult to improve the country's economy
• Despite these challenges, Garcia's administration made efforts to promote thrift, support local industries, and celebrate Filipino culture
• Garcia lost to his former Vice-President Diosdado Macapagal of the Liberal Party in the 1961 presidential election
• Diosdado Macapagal


  • Born in 1910
  • Reformist president focused on rooting out corruption and improving the economy
• Macapagal's Reforms

  • Launched campaigns against corruption
  • Aimed to solve unemployment
  • Enhanced food production
• Macapagal was defeated in the 1965 elections by Ferdinand Marcos, known for his slogan "this nation can be great again"
• Ramon Magsaysay

  7th President of the Philippines, in office from 1953 until his death in 1957
• Magsaysay is remembered for his anti-corruption efforts, populism, and his hands-on approach in serving the Filipino masses, earning him the title "The Champion of the Masses"
• Magsaysay gained popularity by summoning Huk rebels to surrender and won the 1953 election against Quirino
• During his presidency, Magsaysay established the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization in 1954 to combat communism in the region and signed the Laurel-Langley Agreement with the United States
• The Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954 aimed to protect tenants and address communist threats, leading to the Land Reform Act of 1955
• Magsaysay's term ended tragically in 1957 when he died in a plane crash while returning from a speaking engagement in Cebu
• Elpidio Quirino


  6th President of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953
• Quirino's administration focused on post-World War II reconstruction efforts and initiated land reform programs, particularly aimed at helping tenant farmers
• Quirino's administration focused on restoring faith in the government, economic recovery, and national peace
• Economic programs included stabilizing agriculture and industrialization
• The Mutual Defense Treaty strengthened security with the US
• Committees were formed for rural and labor issues
• An amnesty was offered to Huk rebels, but hostilities continued