Psychological Assessment

• The process of measuring psychology related variables by means of devices or procedures designed to obtain a sample behavior.

  Psychological Testing
• Gathering and integration of psychology related data for the purpose of making psychological evaluation that is accomplished using various tools.

  Psychological Assessment
• Testing or Assessment?

  -To measure any psychology related variables (e.g. personality, intelligence, emotions, attitudes, etc.)

  Testing
• Testing or Assessment?

  -Answering the referral question using the scores from the test.

  Assessment
• Where can we apply assessment?

  -Education Assessment

  -Employment

  -Clinical Setting
• Examples of Tests.


  -Personality Tests

  -Achievement Tests

  -Intelligence Tests

  -Aptitude Tests

  -Diagnostic Tests
• In short, testing is ___ and assessment is ____.

  -measure

  -answering a referral question
• Who can give testing and assessment?

  -Psychometrician

  -Psychologists
• Licensed professional who can deliver psychological services like psychological assessment, psychological intervention, and creating psychological programs.

  Psychologists
• Administer and score standardized psychological tests, can do assessment with the supervision of a psychologist, conduct intake interview, and interpret results and write psychological report.

  Psychometrician
• In short, psychometrician is ___ and psychologist ____.

  -testing and interpretation

  -final signatory and intervention
• Earliest assessment.


  Ancient China, 2200 BCE
• 10-4 BCE, assessment based on body fluids of Hippocrates "Father of Modern Medicine" and 4 personality types according to body humors (Melancholic, Choleric, Sanguine, and Phlegmatic).

  Greeks and Romans
• Supernatural, witches, demonology. Assessment during this time is not accurate and was horrible.

  Middle Ages/Dark Ages/Medieval Period
• Enlightenment period, where a philosopher Christian Wolff anticipated psychology a science and psychological measurement as a specialty.

  Renaissance
• When was the scientific evolution?

  1859
• Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection


  Charles Darwin
• Inspired to classify people according to their "natural gifts" and to ascertain their deviation from the norm.

  Francis Galton
• He focused on how people are similar not different.

  Willhelm Wundt
• Recruitment of soldiers using intelligence tests

  WWI - 1914
• Army Alpha is known for

  Verbal IQ Test
• Army Beta is known for

  Non-Verbal IQ Test
• Personal data sheet to measure emotional adjustment of the recruits (first self-report test measurement for personality)

  Robert Woodsworth
• What are the rights of the testtakers?

  1. RIGHT TO INFORMED CONSENT
  2. RIGHT TO BE INFORMED OF THE TEST FINDINGS
  3. RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
  4. RIGHT TO LEAST STIGMATIZING LABEL
• What is included under INFORMED CONSENT?

  1. General purpose
  2. Specific goal
  3. Instruments to be used
  4. Privacy and confidentiality
  5. Risks and benefits
  6. Fees
  7. Right to withdraw
• Psychological reports are given to source of referral.


  Right to be informed of the test findings.
• 7 test assumptions


  -Traits and states exists and they can be measured

  -Test-related behaviors predict non-test behaviors

  -Tests have strengths and weaknesses

  -Errors are part of the assessment

  -Tests can be administered in a fair and unbiased manner

  -Tests are beneficial to the society
• Consistency of the measuring tools, consistency in measuring variables (hitting the same attributes, "masaligan").

  Reliability
• Used to determined the degree of consistency of test measurement. Defined as the ratio between true score variance on a test and the total variance.

  Reliability Coefficient
• Total Variance = True Variance + Error Variance
• Means true differences; stable

  True Variance
• Variances from other sources like in test administration, scoring or interpretation.

  Error Variance
• What does reliability estimates?

  -Test-retest

  -Parallel Forms

  -Split Half

  -Internal Consistency
• An estimate of reliability obtained by correlating pairs of scores from the same people on two different administrations of the same test.

  Test-retest
• Different version of test

  Alternate Forms
• Different versions of test and more similar compared to alternate forms

  Parallel Forms
• Correlating two pairs of scores obtained from equivalent halves of a test administered once.

  Split-half Reliability
• Assigning odd-even numbers to questions; one half is odd numbers, other half is the even number.

  Odd-Even Reliability
• Correlating each items on the test from each others; if tests items are correlated to each other meaning they are measuring the same variable.

  Internal Consistency
• Tests that measures only one variable

  Homogenous Test