Social science

• Rules


  Necessary in an organisation to function smoothly
• When people of different ethnic groups live and work happily together


  The world would be a better place
• The picture shows a barren land caused by climate change
• Slash and burn farming practice


  The activity shown in the environment above
• Our traditional family members taught us values and culture
• Solid waste


  Large quantities put out by large manufacturing industries
• Best way to reduce solid waste pollution

  Recycling their rubbish
• The rich or wealthy countries of the world are classified as developed countries
• The second world war lasted

  1939 to 1945
• Factors that determine the climate of an area

  • Temperature
  • Rainfall
• Children in class 8R were asked to bring packets of products they bought from the city. In class they studied the packets and noticed that the bathing towel was made in America, the plate was made in China and the spoon was made in Japan
• The Olympic games are the world's leading sports competition and were first held in Olympia, Greece
• Economic problems in Fiji


  • Emigration
  • Natural disasters
  • Homelessness
• Climatic zones


  • Equatorial
  • Tropics
  • Temperate
  • Polar
• Charles Darwin became famous in his work as a scientist
• The group that has lived in the Northern Hemisphere for thousands of years is Americans
• Developing countries have unemployment
• People have influenced changes on planet earth by their activities
• All groups of people in the world belong to families and this gives them a sense of identity
• The main function of the World Environmental Organisation (WEO)

  To protect natural diversity
• Global warming gases


  • Methane
  • Nitrous oxide
• Habitat


  The exact place where an organism lives
• Environment


  The surroundings of an organism
• Different habitats have different environment features or adaptations
• Field study or nature trail


  Observation of organisms in their natural habitats
• What organisms need to survive

  • Food
  • Water
  • Air
  • Shelter
  • Suitable temperature
  • Protection from predators
• Non-living environmental factors important for survival

  • Temperature
  • Light
  • Humidity
  • Air
  • Water
  • Land/soil
• Adaptation


  A characteristic of an organism that makes it suited to its environment and way of life
• Types of adaptations


  • Structural or physical
  • Behavioural
  • Physiological or functional
• Behavioural adaptations


  • How an animal moves
  • How an animal or plant protects itself (e.g. dormancy, hibernation, migration, camouflage)
• Physiological adaptations


  • The way an animal digests food
  • Biochemical reactions like making venoms, secreting slime
  • Ability to keep a constant body temperature
  • Producing less urine to survive in habitat
• Organisms need to have special adaptations to survive in their habitats
• Organisms which lack appropriate adaptations may die and become extinct, or migrate to other suitable habitats
• Nature trails and field studies

  Help students understand how organisms are adapted to their habitats
• Adaptations


  • Large feet to prevent sinking
  • Deep roots to obtain water
  • Thick eyelashes to protect eyes
  • Thick fur to prevent heat loss
  • Large ears to detect sound echoes
• One of the most important materials for a field study is an identification chart
• Rules for a field study

  • Respect the area by approaching quietly
  • Identify organisms using an identification chart
  • Do not kill or throw organisms
  • Return logs/objects to original position
  • Keep noise level low
  • Be alert for possible dangers
• Defense mechanisms


  • Millipede coiling up
  • Caterpillar camouflaging
  • Ants stinging and paralyzing
  • Butterfly wing eyespots
  • Snail/turtle withdrawing into protective shell
• Organs of the human digestive system


  • Mouth
  • Oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Duodenum
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Rectum
  • Anus
• Producers


  Green plants that make their own food through photosynthesis