Week 7 & 8

• The study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language.

  Philosophy
• Branches of Philosophy

  1. Natural
  2. Moral
  3. Metaphysical
• German philosopher whose work is associated with phenomology and existentialism

  Martin Heidegger (1889 - 1976)
• His ideas have exerted influence on the development of contemporary European philosophy

  Martin Heidegger
• Martin's Best known work

  Being and Time (1927)
• The material, the matter out of which an object is made

  Cause materialis
• The form, the shape into which the material enters.

  Causa formalis
• Which brings about the effect that is finished

  Causa efficiens
• End

  Causa Finalis
• Doctrine of causality

  • Causa Materialis
  • Causa Formalis
  • Causa Efficiens
  • Causa Finalis
• Making something

  Bringing Forth
• The revealing is what the Greeks call truth
• Means unhiddedness or disclosure

  Aletheia
• Encompasses not only craft, but other acts of the mind and poetry

  Techne
• very aggressive in its activity

  Challenging Forth
• Heidegger characterizes modern technology as a challenging forth
• With modern technology, revealing never comes to an end.
•  Obedience and submission

  Piety
• One orders and puts a system to nature so it can be understood better and controlled

  Calculative Thinking
• One lets nature reveal itself to him/ her without forcing it.

  Meditative thinking
• “Technology is a means to an end”

  Instrumental definition
• “Technology is a human activity"

  Anthropological Definition
• An endeavor to achieve self-actualization and fulfillment within the context of a larger community of individuals.

  Human Flourishing
• This also means access to the pleasant life, the engaged or good life and the meaningful life.

  Human Flourishing
• Stated that human flourishing requires the development of attributes and social and personal levels that exhibit character strengths and virtues that are commonly agreed across different cultures.

  
  

  Seligman, Steen, Park and Peterson, 2005
• There is an end of all the actions that we perform which we desire for itself. Flourishing is the greatest good of human endeavors and that toward which all actions aim.

  Aristotle
• Aristotle stated various popular conceptions of the best life for human beings:

  • a philosophical life
  • life of pleasure
  • a life of political activity
• Means good spirit is a property of one’s life when considered as a whole.

  Eudamonia
• Happiness is “doing well” and” living well”.
• Identifies that the eudaimon life is the life of pleasure maintains that life of pleasure coincides with the life of virtue. He understands Eudaimonia as a more or less continuous experience of pleasure and, also freedom from pain and distress.

  Epicurus
• Believed that virtues such as self-control, justice, courage, wisdom, piety and related qualities of mind and soul are absolutely crucial if a person is to lead a good and happy life.

  Socrates
• Eudaimonia depends on virtue (arête) which is depicted as the most crucial and the dominant constituent of euddaimonia.

  Plato
• Founder of Pyrrhonism, a school of philosophical skepticism that places the attainment of ataraxia (a state of equanimity) as a way to achieve Eudaimonia


  Pyrrho
• Pyrrhonist practice is for the purpose of achieving epoch.
• "Dasein” which literally means “being there” focuses on the “mode of existence”
• Eudemonia is consists of Greek words “eu” which means “good” and “daemon” which means “spirit”