Cell structure + Microscopes

Created by

Lian Huynh

Cards (79)

What are animal and plant cells?
Eukaryotes
What are bacteria cells?
Prokaryotes
What do plants cells have but animal cells do not?
Cell wall, chloroplasts and vacuole
What is the function of the nucleus?
It contains DNA which stores genetic information and controls the cell activity
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It controls what goes in and out of the cell
What is the function of the ribosomes?
It is the site of protein synthesis
What is the function of mitochondria?
Energy production - site of respiration
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides strength and structure for the cell
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Produces energy through photosynthesis
What is the function of the vacuole?
They help maintain water balance
What is contained in chloroplasts?
Chlorophyll which makes the plant green and fastens photosynthesis
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell that has a nucleus
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell that does not have a nucleus
What is a cell?
The building blocks of life
What does ‘image’ mean?
What we see when we look through a microscope
What does ‘object’ mean?
The real object that you’re observing that is sitting on the stage of the microscope
What does magnification mean?
How many times larger the image object size is compared to the actual object size
What does resolution mean? 
How detailed an image is
The higher the resolution, the higher the quality it is
What are all the components of a microscope?
Eyepiece, Coarse focus, Fine focus, stage, arm, objective lenses, lamp/light source and base
What is the equation for magnification?
Magnification = Image size / Object size
Disadvantages for a light microscope
Limited magnification and resolution
How do we convert micrometers into millimetres?
Divide by 1000
Why are chemical stains used?
To make the cell parts more obvious
Why should a low power objective lens be used first when viewing cells?
To locate and focus
Disadvantages of electron microscopes
It can’t be carried around easily and it is expensive
What is a ‘slide’?
A thin piece of glass used to hold objects
What is the practical for the onion?

Add droplets of water into the slide to prevent dryness
Use tweezers to peel a thin layer of onion
Place it on the slide
Add iodine and place the slip on top of the slide
If there are air bubbles, use a needle to pop it
Place the slide on the stage
Turn the coarse focus until it’s close enough.
Look through the eye piece and turn the fine focus until it’s clear and not blurry
What are the main components in a leaf structure?
trichomes/leaf hair, wax cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, xylem, phloem, lower epidermis, stoma/stomata, guard cells
What are the trichomes and what is it’s function?
They are the fuzzy hairs that are at the very top of a leaf. They prevent insects from crawling over the leaf.
What is the waxy cuticle and it‘s function?
It is at the top of the leaf structure and it protects the leaf. It is hydrophobic so water won’t be able to diffuse in.
What is the upper epidermis and what is it’s function?
It is a compacted thin layer of the leaf structure that prevents water loss and is able to absorb the sunlight needed to photosynthesise
What is the palisade mesophyll and it’s function?
Compacted layer of cells in plant leaves that contains chloroplasts which are responsible for photosynthesis.
What is the Xylem and it’s function?
It is a vascular tissue. It transports water and minerals from roots to all throughout the plant
What is the phloem and it’s function?
It is a vascular tissue. It transports sugars and nutrients all throughout the plant
What is the lower epidermis and it’s function?
It’s located at the bottom and it’s a thin layer of the leaf that has the stoma in between it. It prevents water loss
What is the stoma and it’s function?
It has pores for gas exchange. Carbon dioxide diffuses in and oxygen diffuses out.
What are the guard cells and it’s functions?
They regulate the opening and closing of the stomata to control gas exchange and water loss in plants.
What is the spongy mesophyll and it’s function?
Loosely packed cells that contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis and controls gas exchange
What is cytoplasm?
Jelly-like substance that holds all the components of the cell and protects them from damage. It also contains enzymes in which chemical reactions will happen in