EMILIO TO ROXAS

• General Emilio Aguinaldo


  First president of the Philippines First Republic (Malolos Republic)
• General Emilio Aguinaldo

  • Youngest president, became the country's leader at age of 28
  • Longest-lived president, died at 94
  • One of the active leaders of KKK
  • Signed the Pact of Biak na Bato, creating a truce between the Spanish and Philippine revolutionaries
  • Known as the President of the Revolutionary Government
  • Fought against the Spanish and American to retain our independence
  • Featured in the front and back of the Philippine 5peso bill (not circulated anymore)
  • Waved the Philippine flag in declaring the independence of the Philippines in 1898
  • Led the Philippines in the Spanish-Philippine War and the American-Philippine War
  • Led the proclamation of the Philippine Independence
• Manuel L. Quezon


  First president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
• Manuel L. Quezon


  • Known as the "Father of National Language" (Ama ng Wikang Pambansa)
  • Died of tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York
  • First Senate president elected as President of the Philippines
  • First president elected through a national election
  • First president under the Commonwealth
  • Created National Council of Education
  • Initiated women's suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth
  • Approved Tagalog/Filipino as the national language of the Philippines
  • His body lies within the special monument on Quezon Memorial Circle
  • A province, a city, a bridge and a university in Manila are named after him
  • Featured in the 20-peso bill, for the Declaration of Filipino as the national language
  • First Filipino featured on the cover of TIME Magazine
  • Fought for the passage of the Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934)
  • Ranked 4th in the Philippine Bar Exam in 1903
• Jose P. Laurel


  The third to sit at the office during Japanese occupation of World War II
• Jose P. Laurel


  • Criticized as a traitor by some, his indictment for treason was superseded later by an amnesty proclamation in 1948
  • Only Philippine president who served the three branches of government – he became a senator, congressman, associate justice, and president
  • Organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas) or Association for Service to the New Philippines), a provisional government during Japanese occupation
  • Was assassinated twice, but he survived and recovered
  • Declared Martial Law and war between the Philippines and the U.S./United Kingdom in 1944
  • Founder of the Lyceum of the Philippines
  • Ranked 2nd in the Philippine Bar Exam in 1915
• Sergio Osmena Sr.


  4th president of the Philippines and the 2nd president of the Commonwealth
• Sergio Osmena Sr.

  • During his presidency, the Philippines joined the International Monetary Fund
  • Became president at 65, making him the second oldest president to hold office
  • First Visayan to become president
  • Joined with US Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 to begin restoration of Philippine freedom after Japanese occupation
  • Philippine National Bank was rehabilitated and the country joined the International Monetary Fund
  • Founder of the Nacionalista Party
  • Ranked 2nd in the Philippine Bar Exam in 1903
  • Founder and Editor of a Spanish newspaper, El Nuevo Dia, in Cebu City
  • Featured in the 50-peso bill, First Philippine Assembly, Leyte Landing
• Manuel A. Roxas


  Was the 5th president of the Philippines, the 3rd (and last) president under the Commonwealth, and the 1st president of the Third Republic of the Philippines
• Manuel A. Roxas


  • Held office for only one year, 10 months, and 18 days
  • Inaugurated as the first president of the new Republic after the World War II
  • In his time, the country has started reconstruction from war damage and the Philippines started breathing without foreign rule
  • The Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were accepted by the congress
  • Featured in the 100-peso bill
  • Ranked 1st in the Philippine Bar Exam in 1913
  • Signed the Treaty of General Relations based on this treaty, the United States withdrew and surrendered all rights of supervision, control or sovereignty over the Philippines
  • Philippine Trade Act, also known as the Bell Trade Act, provided for the continuation of free trade with the Philippines and the United States from 1946-1954
  • Philippine Rehabilitation Act, also known as the Tydings Rehabilitation Act, resulted to the creation of the Philippine War Damage Commission to take charge of war damage payments
  • Parity Rights- grant US citizens and corporations the same rights as Filipinos in the utilization and exploitation of Philippine natural resources
  • Military Base Agreement - gave US free use of 23 base sites for 99 years (shortened to 25 years in 1959) renewable in the expiration of the treaty
• longest lived president - Emilio Aguinaldo
• first female president - Corazon Aquino
• initiated women suffrage - Manuel Quezon
• created national council of education - Manuel Quezon
• featured in 20 peso bill - Manuel Quezon
• Emilio Aguinaldo is known as the President of the Revolutionary Government.
• Manuel Quezon ranked 4th in the board exam in 1903.
• Puppet republic - Jose P. Laurel
• Jose Laurel was criticized as a traitor, his indictment for treason was superseded later by an amnesty proclamation in 1948
• Jose P. Laurel served three branches of government, senator, congressman, associate justice and president.
• What is KALIBAPI?- Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas
• Sergio Osmena - Founder of nacionalista party