Music

• Double Stopping

  Double stopping is a technique is achieved on bowed string instruments by bowing across more than one string at the same time, thus producing more than one note
• Col legno

  Col legno is an instruction given to string players to turn the bow over and to bounce the wood on the strings.
• Tremolando / Tremolo

  Tremolando is a term that describes the rapid up-and-down movement of a bow on a stringed instrument creating an agitated, restless effect.

  The same term also describes rapid alternation of two different notes at least a 3rd apart played on piano, strings or wind instruments.
• Melodic

  Use of scales such as whole tone, pentatonic, modal and chromatic. Wide leaps. Atonal.
• Harmonic

  Dissonance and Discords (often 9th or 13th) in parallel motion. clusters.
• Rhythmic

  Cross rhythms (e.g. 3 against 2).

  Repetition.

  Often vague, fluid rhythms, with no clear sense of pulse.
• Structural

  Although carefully structured the effect is often of no clear-cut outlines.
• Timbre

  Colourful use of contrasted orchestral and instrumental sounds.

  Instruments played in unusual ways.
• Styles/ Forms

  Often programmatic or descriptive.

  Impressionist, Minimalist, Aleatoric and Atonal.
• Impressionist Music

  •Common characteristics of Impressionist music include the whole tone scale and discords.
• Atonal Music (early 20th century)

  Atonal music is music that has no sense of being in a particular key.
• Aleatoric Music (20th century)

  Aleatoric music is music that has random or chance elements. The word aleatory comes from the Latin "alea", meaning "dice". Common characteristics of Aleatoric music include atonality, dissonance and discords, and note clusters (a number of notes played at the same time).
• Minimalist Music

  Minimalist music is a style of music that evolved during the second half of the 20th Century.

  Minimalist composers, such as Philip Glass and John Adams, deliberately attempted to make their music less complicated by basing their compositions on simple melodic and rhythmic figures that are constantly repeated with only very slight changes each time. Complete pieces are often based entirely on short repeated motifs.