210 P6

• 1. x - component of velocity

  The rate of change of the x coordinate
• 1. component of velocity

  The rate of change of the y coordinate
• Instantaneous speed


  The square root of the sum of the squares of the components of the instantaneous velocity
• Velocity vector


  The rate of change of the position vector
• Θ


  The angle between the velocity vector and the x axis
• V


  The magnitude of the velocity vector; that is, v is the speed
• Projectile motion


  • Motion with constant vertical acceleration and zero horizontal acceleration
• Parabola


  The path of a baseball, a golf ball, a bomb, or any other projectile
• Time of flight

  The time between the instants of launch and impact
• Range


  The horizontal distance between the points of launch and impact
• The range is maximum for an elevation angle of 45
• Ballistic curve


  • The trajectory of a high-speed projectile, such as a rifle bullet, where air resistance is quite important
• Uniform circular motion


  • Motion with constant speed along a circular path
• The ratio of the short sides of these triangles


  Equals the ratio of their long sides; that is, the ratio of the magnitudes of the vectors v and r equals the ratio of v and r
• Centripetal acceleration


  The acceleration of uniform circular motion, with a magnitude given by Equation A = V2/R, directed toward the center of the circle
• Centripetal

  Toward the center
• Centrifugal


  Away from the center
• Relative motion


  The values of the position, velocity, and acceleration of a particle depend on the frame of reference in which these quantities are measured
• Galilean velocity transformation


  The addition rule for velocities
• SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642–1727) was an English mathematician and physicist, widely regarded as the greatest scientist of all time
• Dynamics


  The study of forces and their effects on the motion of bodies
• Force


  A push or a pull, needed to keep a body moving at constant velocity
• External force


  Any force exerted on the body by some other body
• Newton's first law


  • In the absence of a net external force, a body at rest remains at rest, and a body in motion continues to move at constant velocity
• Inertia


  The tendency of a body to continue in its initial state of motion (a state of rest or a state of uniform velocity)
• Inertial reference frames


  Those special reference frames in which the law is valid
• Newton's Second Law


  • An external force acting on a body gives it an acceleration that is in the direction of the force and has a magnitude directly proportional to the magnitude of the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the body
• Kilogram


  The unit of mass in the SI system of units
• Pound


  A unit of mass in the British system of units (1 lb 0.4536 kg)
• Newton


  The unit of force; the force that will give a mass of 1 kg an acceleration of 1 m/s2
• Pound-force (lbf)


  The unit of force in the British system of units, which equals 4.4482 N
• Slug


  An alternative British unit of mass
• Superposition Principle


  • If several forces F1, F2 , F3 , . . . act simultaneously on a body, then the acceleration they produce is the same as that produced by a single force Fnet given by the vector sum of the individual forces
• Net force


  The single force Fnet that has the same effect as the combination of the individual forces
• Mass


  An intrinsic property of a body, measuring the inertial resistance with which the body opposes changes in its motion
• Weight


  The pull of gravity on a body, a vector quantity with a direction (downward) and a magnitude, an extrinsic property of a body that depends on the gravitational environment
• Contact force


  The push that the surface of a body exerts on the adjacent surface of another body
• Normal force


  The resistance that solid bodies offer to interpenetration
• Action-reaction pair


  The mutual interaction of two bodies, involving two normal forces: the "action" force of one on the other and the "reaction" force of the other on the one
• Newton's Third Law


  • Whenever a body exerts a force on another body, the latter exerts a force of equal magnitude and opposite direction on the former