skill acquisition

• A aesthetically pleasing

  C consistent

  E efficient

  F fluent

  A accurate

  C controlled

  E economical
• open skills- performed in a unpredictable environment
• closed- performed in a predictable environment
• gross- uses large muscle groups
• fine- uses smaller muscle groups
• self paced- performer controls the start and speed of the skill
• externally paced skill- performer has no control over the start and the speed of the skill
• simple skill- requires few decisions when being performed
• complex- requires lots of decision making when being performed
• discrete- clear beginning and end
• serial- contains several discrete skills in order to make a more integrated movement
• continuous- no clear beginning or end
• low organised- easily broken down into parts
• high organised- not easily broken down into parts
• positive transfer- the learning of one skill helps the learning of another
• negative transfer- the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another
• zero transfer- the learning of one skill has no affect on the learning of another
• bilateral transfer- the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb
• ensuring positive transfer

  • realistic training
  • realistic representation of the game
  • slow planned progress
  • reward correct adaptation of positive transfer
• whole practice- skills taught in one movement, not broken down
• advantages of whole practice

  • fluent
  • more realistic
  • effective with large groups
  • time efficient
• disadvantages of whole practice

  • beginners don't know how it should feel
  • performers may feel fatigued
  • information may be overwhelming
  • weaknesses can't be isolated
• whole part whole practice- skills taught in one movement, then broken down into parts to work on faults and then they are rebuilt back into the whole movement
• advantages of whole part whole practice

  • breaks down into sub routines
  • isolates weaknesses
  • controls danger
  • fluency maintained when skills built in
• disadvantages of whole part whole practice

  • disrupts fluency
  • time consuming
  • if the sub routine is wrong, when built back in it can affect the whole routine
• progressive part practice- practicing the first part of the skill then adding parts gradually
• advantages of progressive part practice

  • each sub routine must be learnt before moving on
  • small stages of learning increase motivation
  • reduces fatigue as there is rest between sub routines
  • controls danger
• disadvantages of progressive part practice

  • time consuming
  • loss of fluidity
  • if one part is wrong it will affect the rest of the skill
• factors determining what method to use

  • ability level
  • complexity of the skill
  • group size
  • equipment/ facilities available
  • time frame
  • danger levels
  • if the skill can be broken down
  • fluidity of the skill
• massed practice- no rest intervals
• advantages of massed practice

  • promotes fitness
  • skill becomes habitual
• disadvantages of massed practice

  • easily fatigue
  • high demand causes decrease in motivation
• distributed practice- rest intervals
• advantages of distributed practice

  • releases pressure
  • allows recovery
  • controls danger
• disadvantages of distributed practice

  • time consuming
  • danger of incorrect technique after rest
• varied practice- changing the practice type and the practice drills
• advantages of varied practice

  • skills can be adapted to the changing environment
  • change can decrease boredom
  • helps to build subroutines
• disadvantages of varied practice

  • time consuming
  • risk of fatigue
  • information overload
• mental practice- going over the skill mentally, without actually producing the movement
• external mental practice- forming an image of yourself doing the skill