Purposive Communication

• Gesture: literally “drawing” the concepts they are conveying orally.
• Semiotics: study of signs and symbols, in particular, as they communicate things spoken and unspoken.
• signifier: the form which the sign takes.
• signified: the concept the signifier represents.
• signification: the relationship between signifier and signified.
• Semantics: the ‘how’ of semiotics, the relationship between a signified and signifier – the sign and what it stands in for.
• Syntactics: the structural relations. Refers to the formal relationship between signs that lets them build into sign systems.
• Pragmatics: the relationship of sign to the person reading or understanding that sign (Morris, 1938).
• Perception: the process of gathering information through our senses, organizing and making sense of it.
• Geosemiotics: the study of the social meaning of the material placement of signs and discourses and of our actions in the material world.
• Indexicality: meaning was given to a sign by a place the sign was put in.
• Dialogicality: signs have double meaning and they correspond with each other.
• Selection: one does not see all signs.
• Linguistic Landscape: The language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings combines to form the linguistic landscape of a given territory, region, or urban agglomeration.
• Private signs: These include ‘commercial signs on storefronts and business institutions (e.g., retail stores and banks), commercial advertising on billboards, and advertising signs displayed in public transport and on private vehicles’
• Public signs: These include ‘public signs used by national, regional, or municipal governments in the following domains: road signs, place names, street names, and inscriptions on state buildings including ministries, hospitals, universities, town halls, schools, metro stations, and public parks.
• Regulatory: if it indicates authority and is official or legal prohibition.
• Infrastructural: if it labels things or directs for the maintenance of a building or any infrastructure.
• Commercial: advertises of promotes a product, an event, or a service in commerce.
• Transgressive: if it violates (intentionally or accidentally)the conventional semiotics or is in wrong place.
• Graffiti: an unsanctioned urban text (Carrington, 2009; in Mooney & Evans, 2015); a way for disempowered people to make a visible mark, to disrupt the landscape that is increasingly occupied by the increasingly powerful.
• Twitter: is an American microblogging and social networking service on which users post and interact with messages known as TWEETS. It provides opportunities and resources for making choices in how we create a personalized linguistic and semiotic landscape (Gillen & Merchant, 2013; in Mooney & Evans, 2015).
• YouTube: is an American video-sharing platform headquartered in San Bruno, California, USA.
• Emoji: English adaptation of Japanese 絵文 字, the e means “picture” and the moji stands for “letter, character.” simply, means “picture-word”. Their main function seems to be that of providing nuances in meaning in the tone of the message. They are not completely substitutive of traditional written forms; rather, they reinforce, expand, and annotate the meaning of a written communication, usually by enhancing the friendliness of the tone, or else by adding humorous tinges to it.
• Meme: a term given to any posts, language or photo that has an uptake to a social, moral, or political idea that most of the time seems funny.
• All messages are constructed.
• Media have embedded values and point of view.
• Each person interprets messages differently.
• Media have commercial, ideological, and political interest.
• Media messages are constructed using a creative language having its own rules.
• Textisms: lol, omg, btw, oot
• Slang: dude, peeps
• Code switching: changing seamlessly from use of one form of language to use of another form.
• Use standard or more formal language when appropriate and “slanguage” to informal texting, posting, online chatting, e-mailing, and conversing with friends who translate.
• Language: a symbol system composed of sounds (i.e., speech communication) and letters (i.e., written communication) to which meanings are associated by people using it.
• Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis: This hypothesis suggests that human language and thought are so interrelated that thought is actually rooted in and controlled by language. The quality of one’s language reflects the quality of one’s thought. Your verbal communication reveals how you think and what you think about.
• Syntactic rules: (govern where words come in a sentence)
• Semantic rules: (govern the meanings of words and guidelines on how to interpret them)
• Contextual rules: (govern meaning and word choice according to custom and social custom)
• Phonology: the study of the sounds.