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• [LETTER ONLY] Theatrical mask worn by Roman actors in Greek dramas.

  persona
• Is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior.

  Personality
• Latin word for personality

  Persona
• Are unique qualities of an individual that include such attributes as temperament, physique, and intelligence.

  Characteristics
• Is a set of related assumptions that allows scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses.

  Theory
• 1.       a theory is a set of assumptions. 
• 1.       a theory is a set of related assumptions.
• logical deductive reasoning is used by the researcher to formulate hypotheses
• 1.       It is testable.
• The nature of knowledge.

  Epistemology
• GENERAL TO SPECIFIC

  DEDUCTIVE REASONING
• SPECIFIC TO GENERAL

  INDUCTIVE REASONING
• A scientific investigator can derive testable hypotheses from a useful theory and then test these hypotheses.

  DEDUCTIVE REASONING
• The investigator then alters the theory to reflect these results.

  INDUCTIVE REASONING
• He define that our characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.  His psychoanalytic perspective proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality.

   

  Sigmund Freud
• Freud called his theory and associated techniques psychoanalysis.
• Large below the surface area which contains thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories, of which we are unaware.

  Unconscious
• the patient is asked to relax and say whatever comes to mind, no matter how embarrassing or trivial.

   Free association
• Paralysis or improper functioning of the body

  Hysteria
• She was cured by using Catharsis or Talking cure

  Bertha Pappenheim
• All those drives, urges or instincts that are beyond our awareness.

  Unconscious
• All those elements that are not conscious but can become quite readily or with some difficulty.

  Preconscious
• All those elements in awareness at any given time.

  Conscious
• Reservoir of unconscious psychic energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives to survive, reproduce, and aggress.


  Id
• The id operates on the pleasure principle: If not constrained but reality, it seeks immediate gratification.
• The largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates the demands of the id, superego, and reality

  Ego
• The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.
• Represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscious) and for future aspirations.

  SUPEREGO
• The superego operates the morality principle, that demands right and wrong .
• Pleasure centers on the mouth-sucking, chewing, biting. Focus: weaning

  Oral
• Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control

  Anal
• Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings…Focus: sexual identity

  Phallic
• little or no sexual feelings focus on learning and development

  Latency
• Maturation of sexual interest…

  Genital
• a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

  Oedipus Complex
• a girl’s sexual desire towards her father and feeling sof jealousy and hatred for the rival mother.

  Electra Complex
• Fear from boy’s struggle to deal with his love for mother while knowing he cannot overcome his father physically

  Castration Anxiety
• Desire for male dominated advantages

  Penis Envy
• the process by which, children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos

  Identification
• lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, where conflicts were unresolved.

  Fixation