Bio chap 1

• Characteristics of living Organisms

  • Movement - The ability to move from place to find resources
  • Respiration - Ability to Create energy for the body
  • Sensitivity-Ability to detect changes in the environment
  • Stimuli
  • Growth-Ability to increase number of cells and cell size
  • Reproduction -Ability to create offspring to ensure Survival of a species/organisms
  • Excretion-Ability to produce and release waste
  • Nutrition -Ability to break down and absorb nutrients
• Classification


  Easy reference and identification
• Taxonomy


  Method of classification to categorize organisms into groups
• Taxa


  • Faxa: Groups that had been Classified
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• Kingdoms


  • Monera (prokaryotes)- Bacteria
  • Protoctista-Ameeba, Paramecium
  • Fungi-mould, mushroom, yeast
  • Plants-Ferns Mosses
  • Animals-Fish worm, birds
• Vertebrates


  • Have back bones
  • Mammals, birds,
• Invertebrates


  • Doesn't have back bones
  • Myriapod, insects, Arachinds, reptiles, amphibians & Crustaceans
• Endotherm


  Warm blooded
• Ectotherm


  Cold blooded
• Virus is not in the Animal Kingdom
• Scientist use DNA to find its common ancestor
• DNA bases is more accurate than comparing physical characteristics
• Animals with more similar DNA are more related to each other, that means that they have a common ancestors
• First letter capitalized and italicized
• Latin binomial is universal word for Species for Scientist from different part of the world
• Conifers (Coniferophytes)


  • Pine trees
  • Have male and female
• Flowering plants (Angiosperms)


  • Germination-The early stage of growth of a seed. This is where the root start to grow out of the seed
  • Reproductive system found in the flower pollen
  • Development of seeds /fruits upon fertilisation
  • Male part = Anther
  • Female part stigma
• Monocotyledonous (Monocots)


  • 1 Cotyledon
  • Straight veins
  • Fibrous Roots multiply in 4 or 5
• Dicotyledonous (Dicots)


  • 2 Cotyledons
  • Net like veins
  • Tap root
• Photosynthesis


  Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + Oxygen
• Mosses (Bryophytes)


  • Have sporophytes
  • Spores will grow into new plants
• Ferns (Pterophytes)


  • Larger then mosses
  • Don't Produce flowers
  • Black-stem, root, leaves
  • Sorus is similar to flower
• Monera (Bacteria)


  • No nucleus
• Protoctista


  • Single Cell organism - got nucleus
• Fungi


  • Hyphae
  • Spore body
  • Gills
• Vascular bundles


  • Usually Complexly arranged in Dicots
  • Simpler arrangement in Monocots
• Scientific method involves making observations, asking questions, forming hypotheses, testing hypotheses through experiments, analyzing data, drawing conclusions, communicating results, and repeating steps as necessary.
• A hypothesis is an educated guess about what might be causing a particular outcome or effect.
• The first step to solving any problem is identifying the problem.
• Vertebrates


  • Mammals
  • Birds
• Vertebrates


  • Reptiles
  • Amphibians
  • Fish
• Reptiles, amphibians, fish


  • Scales, tough
  • Slimy, most scales, fins
• Respiratory systems for vertebrates 


  • Lungs
  • Gills
• Warm blooded


  Endotherm - Control internal body temperature
• Cold blooded


  Ectotherm - Body temperature follow the surrounding temperature
• Invertebrates (Arthropods)


  • Myriapods
  • Insects
  • Arachnids
  • Crustaceans
• Myriapods


  • Number of legs - Many, each segment has at least 2 pair of legs, 1 pair of antennae
• Insects


  • Number of legs - 6, 3 body parts - head, thorax, abdomen, 1 pair of antennae
• Arachnids


  • Number of legs - 8, 2 body parts - abdomen, cephalothorax, no antennae
• Crustaceans


  • Number of legs - more than 4 pairs, 2 pair of antennae, chalky exoskeleton formed from calcium, cephalothorax