features of volcano

• The magma chamber is the source of lava.
• Cone: most striking part of a volcano , cone is composed of mixtures of lava and pyroclastic
• Vent : the opening through which an eruption takes place, Main part of a volcano supplies the magma from the underlying source , can be straight or convoluted

  
• Magma chamber: the large underground pool of liquid rocks found beneath the earths crust

  
• crater: a basin-like depression over a vent at the summit of the cone

  
• caldera: a volcanic depression much larger than the original crater
• Lava: the rock or magma expelled from a volcano during eruption, can reach up to 700 degree Celsius
• Dikes: the barrier or obstacles in a volcano, to prevent lava flowing, found in igneous form previously formed metamorphic, sedimentary or igneous rocks

  
• Sills: knows as intrusive sheets; they are solidified lava flows that originally forced their way between and parallel to older layers of rocks

  
• conduit: a channel or pipe conveying liquid materials such as magma

  
• flank: the sides of a volcano

  
• summit: the highest point or apex of volcano
• throat: the entrance of a volcano

  
• ash cloud: expelled in the atmosphere , composed of pulverized rock and glass created during eruption

  
• volcanic bombs: the chunks of lava blasted into the air which solidify before reaching the ground. size is up to 64 mm in diameter
• pyroclastic flow: fast-moving currents of hot gasses and rock travelling downhill from a volcano

  includes pumice flow, ash flow, block glowing and erupting clouds called nuee ardente and avalanche
• particles with 2mm in diameter are called ashes
• particles with 2-64mm in diameter are called lapilli
• particles with bigger than 64mm in diameter are called blocks and bombs
• Tephra flow: refers to fragmented material that consists of pumice, scoria, lithic materials, or crystals or 4 of them combined

  
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  primary or hot-when associated with volcanic eruption

  cold lahar- caused by heavy rainfall

  
• lahar


  also called as mudflows ; flowing mixture of volcanic debris and water
• tephra flow


  refers to fragmented material that consists of pumice, scoria, lithic materials, or crystals or 4 of them combined
• particles with bigger than 64mm in diameter are called blocks and bombs

  blocks and bombs
• ash cloud


  expelled in the atmosphere , composed of pulverized rock and glass created during eruption
• throat


  the entrance of a volcano
• sills


  knows as intrusive sheets; they are solidified lava flows that originally forced their way between and parallel to older layers of rocks
• dikes


  : the barrier or obstacles in a volcano, to prevent lava flowing, found in igneous form previously formed metamorphic, sedimentary or igneous rocks
• ash, steam, gas


  cloud pushed out of a volcano
• main vent


  main tube that connects the magma chamber to the surface
• lava

  molten rock before it reaches the ground
• secondary cone


  a cone that builds up around secondary vents
• secondary vent


  place where magma reaches the surface without going through the main vent
• magma

  molten rock still underneath the ground
• magma chamber

  store of underground magma