ss exam

• Arab Revolt (1916-1918)- The British

  thru T.E. Lawrence supported the

  Arabs for their revolt against the

  Ottoman empire who supported the

  Central Powers during the WWI.
• Pan-Africanism – the people in

  Kenya and Libya asked for reforms

  and independence from the

  colonizers.
• India- Mohandas Gandhi led the

  Independence Movement.
• Japan- the masses protested

  against the zaibatsu (large

  corporations) and shifted to

  traditional Japanese ideals.
• China- Sun Yat Sen led the

  revolution against the imperial

  government thru Kuomintan

  Party, later on, established the

  Chinese Republic.
• Great Depression (1929-1930)-

  caused high unemployment,

  worsening inflation, unfair labo

  practices.
• Communism- is growing in

  Russia with the rule of Lenin.
• Totalitarianism- a form of

  government that uses absolute

  control of the state.
• King Victor Emmanuel- relegated

  power to Benito Mussolini as a Prime

  Minister who introduced Fascism
• Fascism- a system of

  hypernationalistic government

  where a dictator absolutely

  controls the lives of the citizens.

  It increased the Militarism in

  Italy.
• Lenin died in 1924
• Politburo- the decision making body of the

  communist party encountered a power

  struggle after the death of Lenin.
• Joseph Stalin- became a dictator
• Five-Year Plan- the project of Stalin of

  transforming USSR into an economic

  powerhouse that eliminated the private

  sectors in land ownership.
• The Five-Year Plan led to famine and harsh

  conditions in Soviet.
• Adolf Hitler- a soldier during

  World War I
• Nazi Party (National Socialist German

  Worker’s Party)- the strongest political

  party in Germany led by Hitler

  campaigning against communism and

  democracy.
• Mein Kampf- the book of Hitler where

  he outlined his ideals of his form of

  government based on Social Darwinism.
• Social Darwinism- a theory that

  emphasize that powerful nations

  and races have the right to

  conquer the ‘less civilized’

  nations.
• Enabling Act 1930- the temporary

  constitution for 4 years of Germany

  due to the suspension of the

  Weimar Constitution. This gave

  power to Hitler.
• Concentration Camps- specialized prisons for those who oppose the

  rule of Hitler. Jews and other undesired individuals were sent here

  also.
• The Axis Powers- composed of

  Germany, Italy, and Japan.
• 1933- Hitler withdrew from the League

  of Nations and planned to conquer the

  Soviet Union to build the Third Reich
• 1935-Hitler started to militarize

  Germany through an air-force act

  violating the Treaty of Versailles.
• 1936- Hitler sent troops to Rhineland, a

  demilitarized zone
• ► First Reich- Holy Roman Empire

  ► Second Reich- German Empire

  ► Third Reich- Nazi Party
• 1935- Mussolini invaded

  Ethiopia and welcomed the

  support of Hitler
• Rome-Berlin Axis- a new

  alliance of Italy and Germany

  that gave rise to a new dictator,

  Francisco Franco, who was

  leading the Spanish Civil War.
• Japan

  ► Invaded Manchuria (a region of

  China) renaming it Manchukuo.
• 1937- Japan declared war against

  China
• New Asian Order- a belief that

  Asian modernization lies at the

  hands of a modernized Asian

  nation.
• Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity

  Sphere- an empire that Japan wanted to

  establish in Asia. The Philippines was
• Anti-Comintern Pact (1936)- a pact

  signed by Japan and Germany to

  limit the rise of communism.
• Tripartite Pact (1940)- signed by

  Germany, Italy, and Japan paved the

  way for the establishment of the Axis

  Powers.
• Anschluss (1938)- the campaign

  to unite all German territories.
• March 1938- Germany

  successfully annexed Austria.
• Munich Conference- a meeting with

  British Prime Minister Neville

  Chamberlain, Eduard Daladier

  (French), Mussolini, and Hitler to make

  concessions.
• March 1939- Lithuania, Albania,

  and Czechoslovakia were invaded

  by Germany and Italy.
• Fuhrer (Great Leader)- a name

  given to Hitler and declared himself

  as the most powerful German.
• Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression

  Pact- a negotiation between Stalin

  and Hitler