English

• Research - a systematic process of investigation that collect analysis of data to answer questions etc.
• Historical, descriptive, correlational, experimental - 4 types of research
• Historical research - the study of the past, using historical sources and methods.
• Descriptive research - collects data to describe a phenomenon, not to explain it.
• Correlational research - research that examines the relationship between two or more variables.
• Experimental research - is a type of research that involves manipulating one or more variables to see how it affects the dependent variable.
• Primary sources of information- provides firsthand accounts or direct information, witness or participant
• primary sources - newspaper, magazine articles, news reports, interviews, surveys, photographs, diaries, letters, email, blogs
• Secondary sources of information - did not have the firsthand or direct personal knowledge
• Secondary sources - dictionaries, encyclopedias, history, documentaries
• Variables - vary in quantity or quality. It could be independent or dependent.
• Independent variables - these are factors that directly affect the findings of the research
• Dependent variables - other factors that are affected by an independent variable
• Respondents - the individuals from whom researchers gather useful data, experts and interviewees
• Sampling - the process used to select a group of respondents from a population
• Probability sampling - population know and equal chance of being selected for the sample
• Simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster - 4 types of probability sampling
• Simple random - most common sampling, random chance, avoid researcher bias
• Systematic - counting off numbers, selecting nth member
• Stratified - divided into subgroups
• Cluster - population size is too large
• Non probability sampling - the population being selected is not known
• Purposive, convenience, quota - 3 types of non probability sampling
• Purposive sampling - the researcher selects participants based on their ability to answer the research question, participants qualifications or usefulness
• Convenience sampling - a sample is selected from a group of people who are readily available
• quota sampling - chooses a prespecified number of participants with particular characteristics
• Primary - newspaper
• Primary - magazine articles
• Secondary - dictionaries
• Secondary - encyclopedias
• Primary - news reports
• Primary - interviews
• Secondary - history
• Secondary - books
• Primary - surveys
• Primary - photographs
• Secondary - literature reviews
• Secondary - documentaries
• Primary- diaries
• Primary - letters