motivation and emotion key terms

• motivation

  is the psychological process that directs and maintains our behavior towards a goal, fueled by a motive.
• instincts


  are complex, inherited behavior patterns characteristics of a species.
• incentive

  is a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior, pulling us toward a goal.
• arousal theory

  A theory stating that individuals are motivated to perform behaviors in order to maintain an optimal arousal level, typically a moderate level
• anorexia

  usually occurs in young women who follow starvation diets and have unrealistic body images, its associated with perfectionism, excessive exercising and an excessive desire for self-control.
• bulimia


  is an eating disorder characterized by eating binges that involves the intake of thousands of calories, followed by purging eitheir by vomiting or using laxatives.
• achievement motivation 


  is a desire to meet some internalized standard of excellence.
• opponent-process theory 


  when we experience an emotion, an opposing emotion will counter the first emotion, lessening the experience of that emotion.
• Maslow's hierarchy of needs

  categorized needs then arranged them in order of priority, self-actualization, aesthetic needs, cognitive needs, esteem needs, love and belonging, safety needs, physiological needs.
• secondary drives

  external drives. are determined by social factors, money, pride, and fame are all great examples of secondary, not primary, drives.
• primary drives

  things a person needs to survive, like thirst and hunger.
• lateral hypothalamus 


  the region of the hypothalamus that may be involved in the regulation of eating
• set-point theory

   the theory that the hypothalamus wants to maintain a certain ideal body weight