translation

• actual construction of proteins

  translation
• this product of transcription carries the genetic info that encodes a protein, with each three-base codon specifying one amino acid

  mRNA
• this bilingual molecule binds to an mRNA codon and to an amino acid

  tRNA
• three-based loop complementary to one mRNA codon

  anticodon
• built of rRNA and proteins, anchors mRNA during translation. Each has a large and small subunit that join at the initiation of protein synthesis

  ribosome
• how many possible triplet codes are there?

  64 (4X4X4)
• what genetic code do al organisms share

  unity of life
• what is the sequence of the genetic code?

  A,T,C,G
• 3-base sequence for an amino acid

  codon
• attaches to a specific amino acid and bring that to the site where polypeptides are being constructed

  transfer RNA
• other end of the molecule that has an exposed sequence of 3-bases

  anticodon
• how many kinds of tRNA there must be?

  64 anticodons
• decoding units of the cell

  ribosomes
• produces multiple copies of each mRNA and dozens of ribosomes may simultaneously bind along

  transcription
• associated with protein called amyloid that fold improperly and then forms an abnormal mass in brain cells


  Alzheimer’s disease
• this toxin occurs in the “death cup mushroom” this inhibits RNA polymerase, making transcription impossible

  amanatin
• secretes a toxin that causes respiratory illness

  diptheria toxin
• clindamicyn, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, and gentamicin are all example of his that bind bacterial ribosomes

  antibiotics
• potent natural poison, one part binds to a cell and the other enters the cell and inhibits protein synthesis


  ricin
• fungi in genus fusarium produce toxin ___. biological weapons. somehow, it interfere ribosomes


  trichothecenes
• rRNA and proteins form?

  ribosomes