english

• Types of Speech


  • Informative/Expository
  • Persuasive Speech
  • Entertainment Speech
  • Inspirational/Motivational Speech
• According to Purpose


  • Informative Speech
  • Persuasive Speech
  • Entertainment Speech
  • Inspiring or Motivational Speeches
• Informative Speech


  Speeches that aim to educate or inform the audience about a specific topic or subject. The primary goal is to provide factual information in a clear and organized manner.
• Persuasive Speech


  Speeches where the speaker aims to influence the audience's beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. The speaker presents arguments and evidence to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.
• Entertainment Speech


  Speeches where the fundamental goal is audience enjoyment, which can come in a variety of forms such as anecdotes, jokes, and humorous stories.
• Inspiring or Motivational Speeches

  Speeches that aim to inspire and uplift the audience. The speaker may share personal stories, quotes, or anecdotes to motivate listeners to overcome challenges, pursue their goals, or make positive changes in their lives.
• According to Delivery


  • Impromptu Speaking
  • Extemporaneous Speaking
  • Manuscript Speaking
  • Memorized Speaking
• Impromptu Speaking


  The presentation of a short message without advance preparation.
• Extemporaneous Speaking


  The presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes.
• Manuscript Speaking


  The word-for-word iteration of a written message.
• Memorized Speaking


  The rote recitation of a written message that the speaker has committed to memory.
• According to Occasion


  • Ceremonial Speeches
  • Political Speeches
  • Business Speeches
  • Social Speeches
• Ceremonial Speeches


  Speeches given during a ceremony or a ritual marked by observance of formality or etiquette.
• Political Speeches


  Speeches delivered by politicians or political figures to address issues, communicate policies, or rally support for a particular cause or candidate.
• Business Speeches


  Speeches delivered in professional settings such as meetings, conferences, or presentations. They may include presentations of business proposals, reports, updates, or motivational speeches to employees.
• Social Speeches


  Speeches delivered in casual or social settings such as family gatherings, parties, or informal events. They may include toasts, tributes, or remarks to celebrate special occasions or milestones.
• Speech Style


  The distinctive way of communicating, consisting of a particular pattern of linguistic, vocal, and nonverbal behaviors.
• Types of Speech Style

  • Intimate
  • Casual
  • Consultative
  • Formal
  • Frozen
• Intimate


  A style among intimate members of a family or friends that do not need a complete language with a clear articulation.
• Hypernym


  A word that represents a broader or more general category. Its meaning includes the meanings of other words.
• Casual


  The most common speech style used among friends and coworkers, using jargon, slang, or the vernacular language.
• Hyponym


  A word that represents a more specific instance within a broader category. Its meaning is included within the meaning of another word.
• Consultative


  The standard speech style, best used for business and professional relationships.
• Formal


  A speech style used in formal settings, where the communication is one-way.
• Frozen


  The most formal speech style, usually used in formal contexts such as speech for state ceremonies, court proceedings, and religious rituals.
• The Art of Quoting: A Guide to Direct and Reported Speech
• Lesson Objectives


  • The students should be able to define and identify direct and reported speech
  • The students should be able to apply direct and reported speech in communication contexts
  • The students should be able to convert direct speech into reported speech and vice versa
• Direct Speech


  Also known as quoted speech, is when we repeat the exact words that someone has said. We use quotation marks to indicate that the words are quoted directly.
• Reported Speech


  Also known as indirect speech or reported discourse, is when we report what someone has said without using their exact words.
• Rule 1 - Tense


  In reported speech, the tense of the verb in the direct speech is often changed to reflect the time of reporting.
• Direct Speech


  • "I am reading a book."
• Reported Speech

  • He said that he was reading a book.
• Rule 1.1 - Simple Present Tense

  When converting simple present tense verbs from direct speech to reported speech, there are some changes that need to be made to the verb tense and reporting verbs.
• Direct Speech


  • "I skate every Sunday."
• Reported Speech

  • She said she skates every Sunday.
• Rule 1.2 - Present Continuous


  To convert present continuous direct speech to reported speech, change the present continuous tense verb to the past continuous tense verb.
• Direct Speech


  • "I am studying for my exam."
• Reported Speech


  • She said that she was studying for her exam.
• Rule 1.3 - Present Perfect


  To convert present perfect direct speech to reported speech, change the present perfect tense verb to the past perfect tense verb.
• Direct Speech


  • "I have gone shopping."