4THQUARTER UCSP

• Social group


  A number of individuals interacting with each other with respect to a number of factors
• Groups


  • People have chance to interact with other people and think of themselves as belonging together
• Primary groups


  • Small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships
• Secondary groups


  • Large clusters of people who have a mutually shared purpose, often aiming to complete tasks
• In-group


  Wherein people feel that they are part of the social group
• Out-group


  Individual does not identify to be part of
• Kinship


  Sharing of characteristics or origins
• Two kinds of kin

  • Consanguineal kin (biologically related)
  • Affinal kin (related by marriage)
• Three main types of affiliation with kin

  • Unilineal descent
  • Ambilineal descent
  • Bilateral descent
• Unilineal descent


  Descent traced through only one gender
• Types of unilineal descent

  • Patrilineal descent (traced through men)
  • Matrilineal descent (traced through women)
• Lineages


  Set of kin whose members trace descent from a common ancestor through known links
• Clans


  Believe themselves to be descended from a common ancestor but not that specified
• Patriclans


  Patrilineal descent
• Matriclans


  Matrilineal descent
• Phratries


  Unilineal descent group composed of supposedly related clans
• Moieties


  Whole society is divided into two unilineal descent groups, believed descended from a common ancestor
• Ambilineal descent


  Both unilineal descent groups
• Bilateral kinship


  Two sided which refers to the fact that one's relatives on both mother's and father's sides are equal in importance
• Democratization


  Peak of civilization's evolution because it gives the people a collective voice in the art of governing. It is the transition to a more democratic political regime
• Museum


  Institution that care and conserve a collection of artefacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance
• Archaeological site


  Place in which evidence of past activity is preserved and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record
• Historic site (or Heritage site)


  Official location where pieces of political, military, cultural, or social history have been preserved due to their cultural heritage value
• Republic Act No. 8492: National Museum Act of 1998
• It is the policy of the State to pursue and support the cultural development of the Filipino people, through the preservation, enrichment and dynamic evolution of Filipino national culture, based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual expression
• Human rights


  Concept which guarantees equality, freedom from degrading behavior, discrimination and prejudice views
• Human dignity


  Idea that a person has the innate rights to be valued, respected and treated well. An inherent aspect to all members of the human family
• Rights


  Privileges and entitlements a person must enjoy in the attainment and protection of his/her human dignity
• Bill of Rights (1987 Constitution) enumerates every Filipinos' rights
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948 states in its preamble that the inherent dignity of all members of the human family is the "foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world"
• Traditional authority


  • Authority fuses power with tradition
  • Authority is based on claim by the leaders, and a belief on the part of the followers, that there is a virtue in the sanctity of age-old rules and powers
  • The leader in such a system is not a superior but a personal master
• Charismatic authority


  • Extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience
  • Followers legitimize an individual's authority by perceiving her or him to be charismatic
  • The leader can effect revolutionary changes in society as he or she may cause a "subjective internal reorientation"
• Rational-legal (Bureaucratic) authority


  • Power legitimated by legally enacted rules
  • Social change is achieved by first modifying social and material structures of society; these modifications are designed to target particular ends determined by the rational leader
  • Members of society will learn to adapt to these and will eventually contribute to the rational leader's end goal
• Political organizations


  Created to maintain social order, especially in the resolution of conflicts among people dwelling in the same geographical area
• Types of political organizations

  • Centralized (Individual - Chief, Body of individuals - State)
  • Uncentralized (Bands, Tribes)
• Chiefdom


  Power and authority are bestowed to the chief because he is the highest-ranking individual
• Chiefdoms


  • Rajah Matanda & Rajah Soliman of Tondo
  • Sultan Shariff Kabungusan (Sultanate of Maguindanao, founder)
  • Sultan Kudarat (Fought Spanish Colonization, Mindanao and Sulu)
• State


  • Exists in a society with a large population that resides in a clearly bounded territory, stratified into different social classes, and subjected to a formal government that creates and implements laws to promote social order
  • Maintains order by distributing authority to bureaucracies under it (police and military)
• Band


  Refers to a small kin-ordered group living together in a loosely defined geographical territory for a temporary time – until sufficient resources are gathered to sustain the group
• Tribe


  • Are also made up of kin-groups
  • Practice agriculture which allows them to support large populations
  • Leaders are merely titular